Penerapan Teori Percobaan dalam Putusan Hakim Kekerasan Seksual
Application of Attempt Theory in Judicial Decisions on Sexual Violence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26623/slr.v7i1.13986Keywords:
Kekerasan Seksual, Putusan Hakim, Teori Percobaan (Poging)Abstract
The enforcement of criminal law in sexual violence cases extends not only to completed offenses but also to attempted acts. A fundamental issue arises in the application of the attempt theory (Poging), particularly in determining the threshold of “commencement of execution,” which often leads to legal uncertainty and inconsistency in judicial decisions. This study aims to analyze the application of attempt theory (Poging) in judicial decisions concerning sexual violence and to formulate an ideal concept for its future implementation. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and case approaches, relying on secondary data analyzed qualitatively through deductive reasoning. The findings reveal that the application of attempt theory in Decision Number 513/Pid.B/2024/PN.Bpp and Decision Number 100/Pid.B/2025/PN.Bpp reflects a mixed theoretical approach integrating both subjective (mens rea) and objective (actus reus) elements. This approach is considered appropriate as it balances victim protection with the imposition of criminal liability on perpetrators who have demonstrated clear criminal intent. However, the absence of precise normative criteria regarding the commencement of execution creates potential inconsistencies in judicial practice. This study underscores the necessity of legal reform, particularly within the Indonesian Criminal Code, to establish clearer parameters for the commencement of execution and to harmonize such provisions with the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes. Furthermore, a unified understanding among law enforcement authorities is essential to ensure legal certainty, substantive justice, and deterrence.
Abstrak
Penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana kekerasan seksual tidak hanya berkaitan dengan perbuatan yang telah selesai, tetapi juga mencakup perbuatan yang masih dalam tahap percobaan. Permasalahan muncul pada penerapan teori percobaan (Poging), khususnya dalam menentukan batas “permulaan pelaksanaan” yang sering menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan disparitas putusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan teori percobaan (Poging) dalam putusan hakim terhadap pelaku kekerasan seksual serta merumuskan konsep ideal penerapannya di masa mendatang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, menggunakan data sekunder yang dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui teknik deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teori percobaan (Poging) dalam Putusan Nomor 513/Pid.B/2024/PN.Bpp dan Putusan Nomor 100/Pid.B/2025/PN.Bpp menggunakan pendekatan teori campuran yang mengintegrasikan aspek subjektif (niat) dan objektif (permulaan pelaksanaan). Pendekatan ini dinilai relevan karena mampu mengakomodasi perlindungan korban sekaligus menjamin pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku yang telah menunjukkan niat jahat secara nyata. Ketiadaan batasan normatif yang tegas terkait unsur permulaan pelaksanaan berpotensi menimbulkan inkonsistensi dalam praktik peradilan, maka diperlukan pembaharuan norma hukum, khususnya dalam KUHP Nasional, untuk memberikan kriteria yang lebih jelas mengenai permulaan pelaksanaan serta harmonisasi dengan Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual. Selain itu, diperlukan kesamaan perspektif antar penegak hukum dalam menerapkan teori percobaan guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum, keadilan substantif, dan efek jera terhadap pelaku.
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