Model Penghentian Penyidikan Berbasis Kesehatan Mental Anak dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak 10 7

A Child Mental Health-Based Investigation Termination Model in the Juvenile Justice System

Abstract

The handling of children in conflict with the law who have mental health disorders requires an integrated approach involving criminal procedure law, substantive criminal law, the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, and health law, including protection and procedural adjustments tailored to the individual child`s circumstances. Problems arise because the results of mental health assessments are not always systematically integrated with judicial assessments regarding criminal responsibility, fitness to stand trial, diversion, restorative justice and the termination of investigations. This study aims to analyse the regulations and practices governing the discontinuation of investigations involving children with mental health disorders, to identify the factors influencing their effectiveness, and to formulate a fair and sustainable Integrative-Restorative Model for the Discontinuation of Investigations Involving Children (IR-SP3A). The research employs a normative legal approach, supported by an empirical legal approach, through the study of legislation, document analysis and interviews with parties involved in the handling of cases involving children. The findings of the study indicate that mental health disorders are not, in themselves, grounds for discontinuing an investigation, but rather a condition that must be assessed through a mental health examination and considered in relation to criminal responsibility, fitness to stand trial, the need for protection, and the available legal mechanisms. The effectiveness of case management is influenced by the competence of investigators, access to mental health assessments, the involvement of BAPAS, the fulfilment of the child`s procedural needs, and coordination and accountability between agencies. The IR-SP3A framework is structured around four stages: initial identification and procedural safeguards, mental health assessments and social assessments, structured legal assessments, and investigation decisions and individual follow-up plans. Research confirms that a child`s mental health is a clinical and legal consideration in determining procedural safeguards and case resolution mechanisms in accordance with applicable law.

Abstrak

Penanganan Anak yang Berkonflik dengan Hukum yang mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental memerlukan pendekatan terintegrasi antara hukum acara pidana, hukum pidana materiil, Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, dan hukum kesehatan, termasuk perlindungan serta penyesuaian prosedural sesuai kondisi individual anak. Permasalahan muncul karena hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan jiwa belum selalu terintegrasi secara sistematis dengan penilaian yuridis mengenai pertanggungjawaban pidana, kecakapan menjalani proses peradilan, diversi, keadilan restoratif, dan penghentian penyidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaturan dan praktik penghentian penyidikan terhadap anak dengan gangguan kesehatan mental, mengidentifikasi faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitasnya, serta merumuskan Model Integratif-Restoratif Penghentian Penyidikan Anak (IR-SP3A) yang berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang didukung pendekatan yuridis empiris melalui studi peraturan perundang-undangan, studi dokumen, dan wawancara dengan pihak yang terkait dalam proses penanganan perkara anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gangguan kesehatan mental bukan merupakan alasan mandiri penghentian penyidikan, melainkan kondisi yang perlu dinilai melalui pemeriksaan kesehatan jiwa dan dikaitkan dengan pertanggungjawaban pidana, kecakapan menjalani proses, kebutuhan perlindungan, serta mekanisme hukum yang tersedia. Efektivitas penananganan dipengaruhi oleh kompetensi penyidik, akses terhadap pemeriksaan kesehatan jiwa, keterlibatan BAPAS, pemenuhan kebutuhan prosedural anak, serta koordinasi dan akunbilitas antar instansi. IR-SP3A dirumuskan melalui empat tahap: identifikasi awal dan perlindungan prosedural, pemeriksaan kesehatan jiwa dan asesmen sosial, penilaian yuridis terstruktur, serta keputusan penyidikan dan rencana tindak lanjut individual. Penelitian menegaskan bahwa kondisi kesehatan mental anak merupakan  pertimbangan klinis-yuridis dalam menentukan perlindungan prosedural dan mekanisme penyelesaian perkara sesuai hukum yang berlaku.