Artificial Intelligence Dalam Sistem Peradilan: Kritik Hukum Progresif Terhadap Dehumanisasi Keadilan 55 23

Artificial Intelligence in the Judicial System: A Progressive Legal Critique of the Dehumanization of Justice

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26623/slr.v7i2.14047

Keywords:

Hukum Progresif, Kecerdasan Buatan, Dehumanisasi Keadilan

Abstract

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into judicial processes raises a fundamental question concerning the extent to which technological efficiency can be reconciled with the human-centred foundations of adjudication. This study critically examines the risk of the dehumanisation of justice arising from algorithmic decision-making and argues that the automation of adjudication cannot be assessed solely through the lens of procedural efficiency. Drawing upon Satjipto Rahardjo’s Progressive Law theory, the study investigates the normative tension between algorithmic rationality and the socio-legal dimensions of judicial reasoning, particularly judicial conscience, ethical discretion, and the capacity to depart from established legal patterns in pursuit of substantive justice. Employing normative legal research with philosophical and conceptual approaches, the analysis examines the limitations of AI-driven adjudication in relation to the human values underlying judicial decision-making. The findings demonstrate that, although AI can enhance procedural efficiency, consistency, and access to legal information, its reliance on historical data creates a structural risk of reproducing inherited biases and reinforcing mechanistic patterns of legal reasoning. More fundamentally, AI lacks the normative agency, moral consciousness, and ethical judgment required to undertake progressive legal interpretation when formal rules produce substantively unjust outcomes. The study therefore proposes a Human-in-the-Loop framework in which AI operates as a supporting instrument rather than an autonomous adjudicative authority, while final judicial determinations remain subject to meaningful human deliberation, ethical responsibility, and judicial discretion. The study contributes to the emerging scholarship on AI and law by introducing Progressive Law as an Indonesian jurisprudential framework for critically evaluating algorithmic adjudication. It further argues that the legitimacy of digital justice depends not merely on technological accuracy or efficiency, but on the preservation of human agency as an essential condition of substantive justice.

 

Abstrak

Meningkatnya integrasi kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) dalam proses peradilan menimbulkan persoalan mendasar mengenai sejauh mana efisiensi teknologi dapat dipertemukan dengan fondasi kemanusiaan dalam proses ajudikasi. Penelitian ini secara kritis mengkaji risiko dehumanisasi keadilan yang muncul dari penggunaan pengambilan keputusan berbasis algoritma serta menegaskan bahwa otomatisasi peradilan tidak dapat dinilai semata-mata berdasarkan efisiensi prosedural. Dengan menggunakan teori Hukum Progresif Satjipto Rahardjo sebagai landasan analisis, penelitian ini mengkaji ketegangan normatif antara rasionalitas algoritmik dan dimensi sosio-legal dalam penalaran hukum, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan nurani hukum, diskresi etis, serta kemampuan hakim untuk menyimpangi pola hukum yang telah mapan demi mewujudkan keadilan substantif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan filosofis dan konseptual untuk menganalisis keterbatasan ajudikasi berbasis AI dalam kaitannya dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan yang mendasari pengambilan keputusan yudisial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun AI mampu meningkatkan efisiensi prosedural, konsistensi, dan akses terhadap informasi hukum, ketergantungannya pada data historis menimbulkan risiko struktural berupa reproduksi bias masa lalu dan penguatan pola penalaran hukum yang mekanistik. Lebih mendasar lagi, AI tidak memiliki agensi normatif, kesadaran moral, dan pertimbangan etis yang diperlukan untuk melakukan interpretasi hukum progresif ketika penerapan aturan formal berpotensi menghasilkan ketidakadilan substantif. Atas dasar tersebut, penelitian ini menawarkan kerangka Human-in-the-Loop, yang menempatkan AI sebagai instrumen pendukung dan bukan sebagai otoritas ajudikatif yang otonom, sementara penentuan putusan akhir tetap berada dalam proses deliberasi manusia yang bermakna, bertanggung jawab secara etis, dan berlandaskan diskresi yudisial. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penggunaan Hukum Progresif sebagai kerangka jurisprudensial Indonesia untuk mengkritisi perkembangan ajudikasi algoritmik. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa legitimasi peradilan digital tidak hanya ditentukan oleh akurasi dan efisiensi teknologi, tetapi juga oleh kemampuan sistem peradilan untuk mempertahankan agensi manusia sebagai unsur fundamental dalam mewujudkan keadilan substantif.

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Published

2026-10-06

How to Cite

R. Raafi Adhi Rahman. (2026). Artificial Intelligence Dalam Sistem Peradilan: Kritik Hukum Progresif Terhadap Dehumanisasi Keadilan: Artificial Intelligence in the Judicial System: A Progressive Legal Critique of the Dehumanization of Justice. Semarang Law Review (SLR), 7(2), 401-418. https://doi.org/10.26623/slr.v7i2.14047