Epistemologi Indigenous: Kearifan Lokal sebagai Sumber Pengetahuan Alternatif dalam Filsafat Ilmu, Keadilan Epistemik, dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan 73 31

Indigenous Epistemology: Local Wisdom as an Alternative Source of Knowledge in the Philosophy of Science, Epistemic Justice, and Sustainable Development

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26623/slr.v7i2.13185

Keywords:

Epistemologi Indigenous, Keadilan Epistemik, Kearifan Lokal, Hukum Lingkungan, Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

Abstract

This article examines Indigenous epistemology, its role in critiquing epistemic dominance, and its relevance to environmental law and sustainable development. It focuses on how the recognition of Indigenous peoples can extend beyond the acknowledgment of their identities and collective rights to include recognition of their epistemic authority in environmental decision-making. This study employs normative juridical research using statutory and conceptual approaches, complemented by functional comparison based on practices documented in the literature. The research materials comprise national legislation, international instruments, and scholarly literature on Indigenous knowledge, epistemic justice, and environmental governance. The analysis yields three main findings. First, Indigenous epistemology constitutes a knowledge system that integrates ecological experience, communal validation, ethical-spiritual orientations, and intergenerational transmission, with characteristics that vary across community contexts. Second, its critique of epistemic dominance targets hierarchical mechanisms that marginalize Indigenous knowledge holders without dismissing the importance of scientific scrutiny and dialogue across knowledge systems. Third, epistemic recognition in environmental law requires meaningful participation, the protection of Indigenous knowledge, context-sensitive evidentiary assessment, and accountability mechanisms in decision-making. Based on these findings, this article proposes the Recognition Model, comprising six dimensions: ontological relationality, ecological knowledge, communal validation, ethical-spiritual orientation, intergenerational transmission, and norms and institutionalization. A literature-based examination of Subak, Sasi, and Ammatoa Kajang practices explores the model’s conceptual applicability in Indonesia. The article’s novelty lies in integrating epistemic dimensions into an analytical framework for environmental law institutions. The Recognition Model is proposed as an initial conceptual framework that requires empirical validation in collaboration with Indigenous communities. Its implementation should account for internal community diversity, the rights of knowledge holders, and ecological carrying capacity to promote more inclusive and equitable environmental governance.

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini mengkaji epistemologi indigenous, posisinya dalam kritik terhadap dominasi pengetahuan, serta relevansinya bagi hukum lingkungan dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Fokus kajian terletak pada bagaimana pengakuan terhadap masyarakat adat dapat diperluas dari pengakuan identitas dan hak kolektif menuju pengakuan atas otoritas epistemik mereka dalam pengambilan keputusan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, serta perbandingan fungsional berdasarkan praktik yang terdokumentasi dalam literatur. Bahan penelitian meliputi peraturan nasional, instrumen internasional, serta literatur mengenai pengetahuan adat, keadilan epistemik, dan tata kelola lingkungan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tiga temuan utama. Pertama, epistemologi indigenous merupakan sistem pengetahuan yang mengintegrasikan pengalaman ekologis, validasi komunal, orientasi etis-spiritual, dan transmisi antargenerasi, dengan karakteristik yang beragam sesuai konteks komunitas. Kedua, kritik epistemologi indigenous terhadap dominasi pengetahuan berpusat pada mekanisme hierarkis yang meminggirkan pemegang pengetahuan adat, tanpa mengesampingkan pentingnya pengujian ilmiah dan dialog antarsistem pengetahuan. Ketiga, pengakuan epistemik dalam hukum lingkungan memerlukan partisipasi yang bermakna, perlindungan pengetahuan adat, penilaian bukti yang kontekstual, serta mekanisme pertanggungjawaban dalam pengambilan keputusan. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, artikel ini mengusulkan Model REKOGNISI yang terdiri atas enam dimensi, yaitu relasionalitas ontologis, ekologisitas pengetahuan, validasi komunal, orientasi etis-spiritual, transmisi antargenerasi, serta norma dan institusionalisasi. Telaah kepustakaan terhadap praktik Subak, Sasi, dan Ammatoa Kajang digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi relevansi konseptual model tersebut dalam konteks Indonesia. Kebaruan artikel ini terletak pada integrasi dimensi epistemik ke dalam kerangka analisis kelembagaan hukum lingkungan. Model REKOGNISI ditawarkan sebagai kerangka konseptual awal yang masih memerlukan validasi empiris bersama komunitas adat. Implementasinya perlu mempertimbangkan keragaman internal komunitas, hak pemegang pengetahuan, dan daya dukung ekologis guna mendorong tata kelola lingkungan yang lebih inklusif dan berkeadilan.

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2026-10-13

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How to Cite

Gatoet Poernomo, M. Arief Amrullah, Fendi Setyawan, Indra Yulianingsih, & Endik Wahyudi. (2026). Epistemologi Indigenous: Kearifan Lokal sebagai Sumber Pengetahuan Alternatif dalam Filsafat Ilmu, Keadilan Epistemik, dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan: Indigenous Epistemology: Local Wisdom as an Alternative Source of Knowledge in the Philosophy of Science, Epistemic Justice, and Sustainable Development. Semarang Law Review (SLR), 7(2), 547-558. https://doi.org/10.26623/slr.v7i2.13185