ANALISIS PEMBAGIAN HARTA WARIS BAGI PELAKU GANTI KELAMIN: KAJIAN HUKUM PERDATA DAN HUKUM ISLAM

Abstract

The phenomenon of sex change in Indonesia is widespread, usually carried out by means of sex change surgery. Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) is a medical procedure performed to change a person's physical characteristics to match the desired gender identity. In Indonesia itself, the phenomenon of sex change does not yet have a definite legal basis, so there is a legal vacuum (Rechvacuum) regarding sex change behavior. In the Civil Code as well as the Qur'an and Hadith, the inheritance provisions for transgender heirs are not explained, the size of the shares they receive, or the obstacles to their inheritance. So, in this case, it raises new problems regarding how the law and regulations regarding the distribution of inheritance for sex change perpetrators are regulated if examined based on civil law and Islamic law. The type/type of research used by researchers is normative juridical with a comparative approach, namely by comparing the distribution of inheritance assets for sex change perpetrators according to civil law and Islamic law. The specifications used by researchers are analytical descriptive by collecting primary, secondary and tertiary data. The data analysis method used in this research is qualitative analysis. The results of this research are that the distribution of inheritance for transgender people according to the Civil Code is that their inheritance rights are not affected by their gender, whereas in Islamic law transgender people get their inheritance rights if their gender change is based on reasons that can be justified in Islamic terms. A person who deliberately undergoes a sex change operation does not have any consequences under Sharia law and his share of inheritance is the same as his original sex.

Abstrak

Fenomena ganti kelamin di Indonesia marak terjadi, biasanya dilakukan dengan upaya operasi ganti kelamin. Operasi ganti kelamin atau Sex Reassignment Surgey (SRS) adalah prosedur medis yang dilakukan untuk mengubah karakteristik fisik seseorang agar sesuai dengan identitas gender yang diinginkan. Di Indonesia sendiri fenomena ganti kelamin belum memiliki dasar hukum yang pasti, sehingga terjadi kekosongan hukum (Rechvacuum) mengenai perilaku ganti kelamin. Didalam KUH Perdata maupun Al-Qur’an dan Hadits, tidak dijelaskan ketentuan mewaris bagi ahli waris transgender, jumlah besar bagian yang mereka terima, ataupun halangan mereka untuk mewaris. Sehingga dalam hal ini menimbulkan masalah baru mengenai bagaimana pengaturan hukum dan juga aturan terkait pembagian harta waris bagi pelaku ganti kelamin jika di kaji berdasarkan hukum perdata dan hukum islam. Jenis/tipe penelitian yang digunakan peneliti yaitu yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan yaitu dengan membandingkan pembagian harta waris bagi pelaku ganti kelamin menurut hukum perdata dan hukum islam. Spesifikasi yang digunakan peneliti berupa deskriptif analitis dengan mengumpulkan data – data primer, sekunder dan tersier. Metode analisis data yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu pembagian waris bagi transgender menurut KUH Perdata adalah hak warisnya tidak terpengaruh oleh jenis kelaminnya, sedangkan dalam Hukum Islam transgender mendapatkan hak warisnya jika perubahan jenis kelaminnya didasari dengan alasan yang dapat dibenarkan secara Islam. Seseorang yang sengaja melakukan operasi ganti kelamin maka tidak berakibat hukum syar’i dan bagian warisnya sama dengan jenis kelamin semula.