SIFAT FISIK, KADAR AIR, TANIN, PATI DAN RENDEMEN TEPUNG KENTANG KLECI (Solenostenon rotundifolius) PADA BERBAGAI TEKNIK PENGOLAHAN

Abstract

Pada umumnya pengolahan kentang kleci hanya dengan merebus, agar dapat lebih tahan lama cara mengawetannya antara lain dengan menepungkan kentang kleci, sehingga dapat ditemukan setiap saat jika diperlukan. Beberapa masalah pada kentang kleci antara lain jika ditepungkan yaitu tepung yang dihasilkan mempunyai warna kurang cerah ada kemungkinan disebabkan oleh kandungan tanin dalam kentang atau adanya proses enzimatis sehingga menyebabkan browning pada tepung yang dihasilkan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui teknik pengolahan yang terbaik dari beberapa cara pada pembuatan tepung kentang kleci terhadap sifat fisik, kadar air, tanin, pati dan rendemen. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September - November 2014 di laboratorium Rekayasa Pangan Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Universitas Semarang. Perancangan percobaan yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) adapun teknik pengolahan tepung (P) dari kentang kleci yaitu: P1 =   Tanpa Perendaman, P2 =   Perendaman air biasa selama 30 menit, P3 =   Perendaman dengan Garam 4% selama 10 menit, P4 =   Blancing rebus ( air panas suhu 80⁰C selama 4 menit), P5 = Blancing Uap (air panas suhu 100⁰C selama 10 menit),    Masing - masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali, dilanjutkan uji BNJ pada taraf nyata 5%. Kesimpulannya adalah perlakuan pengolahan berpengaruh nyata pada derajat putih, kadar   pati dan tannin, kecuali kadar air dan rendemen. Hasil yang terbaik pada perlakuan P5 dengan perlakuan uap selama 10 menit tepung mempunyai kadar pati tertinggi, kadar tannin terendah, hanya warnanya menjadi agak kurang cerah dibandingkan perlakuan yang lain.

In general, the kleci/black potato processing just boiled, to be more durable then the means of preservation wich with flouring kleci potatoes, so it can be found at any time if necessary. Some problems in kleci potato if to be flour, the flour yield have less brightness there is likely to be caused by tannin content in potato or enzymatic processes that cause browning in flour produced.The study aims to determine the best processing techniques from some methode in the flouring of kleci potato to the physhical properties, water content, tannin content, starch content and the flour yield produced. The research was conducted from September to November 2014 in the laboratory of Food Engineering  used was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) while the flour processing techniques (P) of kleci potatoes are: P1 = Without soaking, P2 = Soaking in the water for 30 minutes, P3 = Soaking Salts 4% for 10 minutes, P4 = Boiled Blanching (hot water temperature of 80⁰C for 4 minutes), P5 = Steam Blanching (hot water temperature of 100⁰C for 10 minutes). Each treatment was repeated 4 times, followed by HSD test at 5% significance level. The conclusion were the treatment have a significant effect on the degree of whiteness, starch and tannin content, but non significant effect to the water content and flour yield. The best results in the treatment of P5 with steam treatment for 10 minutes the flour  yield have highest starch content, low tannin levels, but the flour becomes less brightness than other treatments.