Eksekusi Jaminan Sertifikat Tanpa Hak Tanggungan: Perlindungan Hukum bagi Kreditur: Execution of Certificate Collateral Without Mortgage: Legal Protection for Creditors

Fanesya Rahma Praditiska; Endah Pujiastuti; Kukuh Sudarmanto; Soegianto Soegianto; Putri Haliza Yuniar

doi:10.26623/jj.v4i1.12284

Authors

Fanesya Rahma Praditiska Magister Hukum, Universitas Semarang
Endah Pujiastuti Magister Hukum, Universitas Semarang
Kukuh Sudarmanto Magister Hukum, Universitas Semarang
Soegianto Soegianto Magister Hukum, Universitas Semarang
Putri Haliza Yuniar Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Semarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26623/jj.v4i1.12284

Keywords:

Akta Pengakuan Utang, Eksekusi, Hak Tanggungan, Perlindungan Kreditur

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the execution mechanism of collateral certificates bound by a deed of debt acknowledgment without mortgage security rights and to identify the normative and practical obstacles involved. The issue arises from the common practice of using debt acknowledgment deeds without the imposition of mortgage rights, where the absence of executorial power may weaken legal protection for creditors in cases of debtor default. The research employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical specification, using primary legal materials in the fields of mortgage law, civil procedural law, and notarial law, as well as secondary materials from legal literature and scholarly works. Data were analyzed qualitatively through normative and systematic interpretation. The findings indicate that without a mortgage certificate, a debt acknowledgment deed lacks executorial force; therefore, collateral enforcement must proceed through non-executorial mechanisms, such as mediation, civil litigation, or private sale, resulting in a longer and more costly execution process.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme pelaksanaan eksekusi jaminan sertifikat yang diikat dengan akta pengakuan utang tanpa hak tanggungan serta mengidentifikasi hambatan normatif dan praktis yang menyertainya. Permasalahan penelitian berangkat dari praktik penggunaan akta pengakuan utang tanpa pembebanan hak tanggungan yang masih sering terjadi, sementara ketiadaan kekuatan eksekutorial berpotensi melemahkan perlindungan hukum kreditur ketika debitur wanprestasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis, menggunakan bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan di bidang hak tanggungan, hukum acara perdata, dan jabatan notaris, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur dan karya ilmiah hukum. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui penafsiran normatif dan sistematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanpa sertifikat hak tanggungan, akta pengakuan utang tidak memiliki kekuatan eksekutorial, sehingga eksekusi jaminan harus ditempuh melalui mekanisme non-eksekutorial, seperti mediasi, gugatan perdata, atau penjualan di bawah tangan, yang menyebabkan proses lebih panjang dan berbiaya tinggi.

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