Reconstructing Cyber Mens Rea Through Electronic Evidence and Algorithmic Accountability 4 0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v11i3.14738Keywords:
Algorithmic Accountability, Cyber Mens Rea, Electronic Evidence, Presumption of Innocence, Willful BlindnessAbstract
This study examines how mens rea in Indonesian cybercrime can be established through electronic evidence and algorithmic analysis, focusing on the legal standards governing the transition from digital traces to proof of criminal intent. Using normative legal research with statutory, case, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study analyses Indonesian criminal evidence law and the ratio decidendi of Tangerang District Court Decision No. 1240/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Tng (Indra Kenz), with reference to comparative developments in other jurisdictions. The findings demonstrate that Indonesian law recognizes the legality and authenticity of electronic evidence but does not yet provide sufficiently specific standards for evaluating the inferential validity and evidentiary weight of technical or algorithmic outputs in establishing mens rea. The Indra Kenz decision shows that intent is reconstructed cumulatively from digital content, electronic communications, account activity, financial transactions, and analytical reports, creating a potential conflation between factual digital evidence, technical inference, and legal judgment. The novelty of this study lies in developing a three-layer cyber mens rea framework that integrates criminal-law doctrine with agentic computational law and algorithmic accountability: digital facts must satisfy legality, authenticity, integrity, and relevance; technical or algorithmic inferences must be transparent, explainable, auditable, and contestable; and the final determination of mens rea must remain with the judge based on the totality of admissible evidence. The framework provides a normative basis for regulating algorithmic evidence while safeguarding the presumption of innocence, due process, and meaningful human control over criminal responsibility.
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