From Normative Recognition to Effective Protection: Reformulating Restitution for Child Victims in Indonesia

Sokhib Naim; Wahab Aznul Hidaya; Kristi Warista Simanjuntak; Rajab Lestaluhu; Nurhalisa Nurhalisa

doi:10.26623/jic.v11i3.14666

Authors

Sokhib Naim Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong
Wahab Aznul Hidaya Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6450-9389 (unauthenticated)
Kristi Warista Simanjuntak Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong
Rajab Lestaluhu Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong
Nurhalisa Nurhalisa Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v11i3.14666

Keywords:

Child Victims, Criminal Justice System, Restitution, Restorative Justice, Victim-Oriented Justice

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of restitution for child victims of criminal offenses within Indonesia’s criminal justice system and formulate a restorative justice-based restitution model. Although Indonesian law recognizes restitution as a right of victims, its realization remains problematic due to fragmented regulations, weak inter-agency coordination, reliance on victims’ procedural initiative, and the absence of effective enforcement mechanisms. This issue is particularly urgent for child victims of sexual violence, whose vulnerability and long-term physical, psychological, social, and educational impacts require an effective victim-oriented legal protection mechanism. Employing normative legal research, this study uses statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches to examine legislation, legal scholarship, and Judgment No. 247/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Son through qualitative legal reasoning and ratio decidendi analysis. The novelty lies in integrating normative analysis with judicial analysis to identify the relationship between regulatory fragmentation, judicial discretion, institutional weaknesses, and the persistence of a retributive paradigm, while developing an integrated restitution framework. The findings demonstrate that restitution remains predominantly a normative entitlement rather than an effective legal remedy because its implementation depends on victims’ initiative, discretionary judicial consideration, fragmented institutional coordination, and ineffective execution. Accordingly, this study proposes an Integrative Model of a Restitutory System Based on Restorative Justice comprising six stages: identification of losses, LPSK assessment, mandatory prosecutorial filing, mandatory judicial consideration, enforceable execution, and institutional monitoring. The model strengthens institutional responsibility and positions victim recovery as an integral objective of criminal justice.

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