Legal Conflicts in Granting Mining Permits to Religious Organizations in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v11i2.13591Keywords:
Environmental Protection, Legal Conflict, Mining Permits, Religious OrganizationsAbstract
This study examines the normative conflict arising from granting Special Mining Business Permits (IUPK) to business entities owned by religious organizations in Indonesia and evaluates its implications for environmental protection and legal system coherence. This issue emerges from the inconsistency between Law No. 2 of 2025, which prioritizes religious organizations in obtaining mining permits, and Law No. 17 of 2013, which mandates these organizations to preserve natural resources and the environment. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by prescriptive analytical methods to assess legal consistency, environmental principles, and institutional mandates. The findings reveal a fundamental philosophical and juridical contradiction between the extractive orientation of mining law and the socio-religious and ecological mandate of community organization law. This regulatory inconsistency creates legal uncertainty, weakens environmental protection, and risks transforming religious organizations from social-ethical institutions into extractive economic actors. Furthermore, this policy potentially undermines the constitutional principle of state control over natural resources and the precautionary principle in environmental governance. This study proposes a legal reconstruction model through harmonization of conflicting regulations, removal or restriction of priority mining rights for religious organizations, and redirection of their economic activities toward sustainable non-extractive sectors. The originality of this research lies in its integrative normative framework linking legal hierarchy, environmental constitutionalism, and institutional legitimacy to develop a coherent and sustainability-oriented mining governance model. These findings contribute to strengthening environmental legal policy and preserving the normative integrity of religious institutions in natural resource governance.
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