Legal Certainty of The Positive Fictive Policy In Business Licensing Through The Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach System In Indonesia

Nunik Nurhayati; Giftian Fajri Rustyono; Achmad Miftah Farid; Rohmad Suryadi

doi:10.26623/jic.v10i2.12009

Authors

Nunik Nurhayati Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Giftian Fajri Rustyono Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Achmad Miftah Farid Pusat Studi Perizinan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Rohmad Suryadi Politeknik Bisnis dan Perpajakan Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v10i2.12009

Keywords:

Business Licensing, Legal Certainty, Positive Fictive

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the positive fictitious licensing policy under the Job Creation Law and assess its legal certainty using Gustav Radbruch’s philosophical framework. The background of this research arises from Indonesia’s legal reform agenda to streamline licensing through the OSS-RBA system. However, this reform raises concerns regarding legal certainty and institutional accountability. The urgency of this study lies in the regulatory ambiguity, lack of procedural safeguards, and removal of judicial oversight. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study finds that the current policy does not fully meet Radbruch’s four standards of legal certainty. Specifically, it suffers from unclear legal norms, insufficient factual grounding, unstable legal framework, and weak institutional implementation—such as the absence of a Presidential Regulation, undefined verifier responsibilities, and lack of integration between central and local systems. The study concludes that the positive fictitious mechanism needs substantial normative refinement to ensure fairness, transparency, and predictability. The novelty of this research lies in its philosophical approach to evaluating administrative legal reform, offering a deeper lens beyond procedural analysis. As a policy implication, the government should urgently issue implementing regulations, reestablish judicial review, and develop integrated technical guidelines to strengthen OSS-RBA's legal reliability and effectiveness.

References

Alexy, Robert. “Gustav Radbruch’s Concept of Law.” In Law’s Ideal Dimension, Online edn. Oxford: Oxford Academic, 2021. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796831.003.0008.

Alfaris, Maulana Reza. “Penerapan Fiktif Positif Gagal? Pengusaha Harus Gigit Jari?” https://prolegal.id/penerapan-fiktif-positif-gagal. Accessed January 13, 2022. https://prolegal.id/penerapan-fiktif-positif-gagal.

Arniti, Ni Komang Ayu, Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi, and Luh Putu Suryani. “Penyelesaian Permohonan Fiktif Positif Untuk Mendapatkan Keputusan Di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara.” Jurnal Analogi Hukum 1, no. 2 (2019): 265–70.

Bateman, C.G. “There Ought to Be a Law: Gustav Radbruch, Lon L. Fuller, and H.L.A. Hart on the Choice Between Natural Law and Legal Positivism.” The Journal Jurisprudence 40, No. 2 (2019): 303. 40, no. 2 (2019): 271–329.

Bix, Brian H. “Radbruch’s Formula and Conceptual Analysis.” The American Journal of Jurisprudence 56 (2011): 50.

Elora, Devi. “Problematika Hukum Perusahaan Dalam Implementasi UU Cipta Kerja Terkait Pendirian PT UMK.” Wacana Paramarta: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 20, no. 3 (2021): 45–54.

Farosa, Delfi, Badaruddin Badaruddin, and Tengku Irmayani. “The Influence of Implementing Risk-Based Business Licensing (OSS RBA) on Investment Growth in the Food and Beverage Services Subsector in Medan City.” Perspektif 13, no. 1 (2024): 200–211. https://doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v13i1.10777.

Fuad, Ontran Sumantri Riyanto, and Said Munawar. “Penerapan Regulasi Investasi Asing Di Indonesia Sebelum Dan Setelah Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja.” INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research 4, no. 4 (2024): 12790.

Hadjon, Philipus M, R. Sri Soemantri Martosoewignjo, Sjachran Basah, Bagir Manan, Laica Marzuki, J.B.J.M ten Berge, P.J.J van Buuren, and F.A.M. Stroink. Pengantar Hukum Administrasi Indonesia. 10th ed. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada university Press, 2008.

Hamid, Adnan, and Hasbullah. “Legal Hermeneutics of the Omnibus Law on Jobs Creation: A Case Study in Indonesia.” Beijing Law Review 13, no. 03 (2022): 449–76. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2022.133028.

Handoyo. “OSS Dinilai Mempersulit Perizinan, Begini Keluhan Pelaku Usaha,” September 2021. https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/oss-dinilai-mempersulit-perizinan-begini-keluhan-pelaku-usaha?page=all.

Harun, Nuria Siwi Enggarani, and Galang Taufani. Hukum Administrasi Negara Di Era Citizen Friendly. Surakarta: UMS Press, 2018.

Irvansyah, Andika Risqi. “Kedudukan Hukum Keputusan Fiktif Positif Sejak Pengundangan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja.” JAPHTN-HAN 1, no. 2 (2022): 209–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55292/japhtnhan.v1i2.31.

Iswanto, Nunik Nurhayati, and Galang Taufani. Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia: Sketsa Asas Dan Kelembagaan Negara Berdasar UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Surakarta: UMS Press, 2017.

Jansen, Oswald. Comparative Inventory of Silencio Positivo. Utrecht: Utrecht School of Law, 2008.

Jayanti Arvi Setiani, and Priyanto Susiloadi. “Analisis Kesuksesan Pelayanan Perizinan Berbasis Online Single Submission Pada Dinas Penanaman Modal Dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Magelang.” Jurnal Mahasiswa Wacana Publik 3, no. 1 (2023): 166–81.

Jimly Asshiddiqie. Perkembangan Dan Konsolidasi Lembaga Negara Pasca Reformasi. Jakarta: Konstitusi Press, 2006.

Julyano, Mario, and Aditya Yuli Sulistyawan. “Pemahaman Terhadap Asas Kepastian Hukum Melalui Konstruksi Penalaran Positivisme Hukum.” Jurnal Crepido 1, no. 1 (2019): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v6i1.324.

Kristantiya, Triambodo Andi, Sudarmo Sudarmo, and Desiderius Priyo Sudibyo. “Online System Adaptation Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA).” International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 4, no. 8 (2023): 2757–68. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.08.09.

Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. 17th ed. Jakarta: Kencana, 2022.

Masrie, Nova Herlangga. “Implikasi Hukum Perubahan Pasal 53 Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 Tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan Terhadap Penerbitan Perizinan Berusaha Secara Otomatis Melalui Sistem Elektronik.” Jurnal Nalar Keadilan 1, no. 2 (2021): 60–81.

Muttaqin, Labib, Nunik Nurhayati, M. Junaidi, Rochman Hadi Mustofa, and Amaylia Noor Alaysia. “Examining the Constitutional Court’s Positive Legislature Decisions in Indonesia’s Hierarchy of Legal Norms.” Jurnal Jurisprudence 14, no. 2 (2024): 227–39.

Novira, Rahmadian, and I Gusti Ayu Putri Kartika. “Upaya Atas Keputusan Fiktif Positif Pejabat Tata Usaha Negara Pasca Judicial Review Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja.” Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum 10, no. 9 (2022): 2077–96. https://doi.org/10.33751/palar.v5i1.1185.

Nurhayati, Nunik, Khudzaifah Dimyati, Absori, and Kelik Wardiono. “Politics of Business Licensing in Indonesia: Involvement of Community Consent in Building Approval.” Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi Dan Kajian Hukum 23, no. 3 (2024): 3392–3407.

Nurhidayat, Ipan. “Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance Di Indonesia.” Journal E-Gov Wiyata : Education and Goverment 1, no. 1 (2023): 40–52.

Nurrohmah, Tri. “Keputusan Fiktif Positif Pada Pasal 175 Poin 6 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja Perspektif Siyāsah.” Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2020.

Pavčnik, Marijan. Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Dordrecht: Springer, 2023.

Pertiwi, Adinda Putri, Adrian E. Rompis, and R. Adi Nurzaman. “The Elimination of State Administrative Court’S Authority To Decide Positive Fictitious Decisions After the Amendment To Law Number 30 of 2014 Connected With the General Principles of Good Governance.” Jurnal Poros Hukum Padjadjaran 5, no. 1 (2023): 107–24. https://doi.org/10.23920/jphp.v5i1.1390.

Pratama, Surya Mukti. “Pengaturan Baru Keputusan Fiktif Positif Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja Dan Kaitannya Dengan Kompetensi PTUN.” Jurnal Rechtsvinding, no. November (2020): 1–4.

Purbasari, Riska, and Mohammad Jamin. “The Job Creation Act: Implication of National Strategic Project on Regional Spatial Planning (Study in Madiun City, East Java Province).” Jurnal Jurisprudence 11, no. 2 (2021): 297–309.

Putri, Kania Dewi Andhika, and Ridwan Arifin. “Tinjauan Teoritis Keadilan Dan Kepastian Dalam Hukum Di Indonesia.” Mimbar Yustitia 2, no. 2 (2018): 142–58. https://doi.org/10.52166/mimbar.v2i2.1344.

Rafianti, Fitri, Siti Nurhayati, Emi Wakhyuni, and Muhammad Andafi. “The Challenges of Implementing the Online Single Submission (OSS) System in Business Licensing (NIB) and Halal Certification Processes.” Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi Dan Kajian Hukum 23, no. 3 (2024): 586–99.

Rahardjo, Satjipto. Hukum Dalam Jagat Ketertiban. Jakarta: UKI Press, 2006.

Roychan, Wahidur. “Konsep Dan Penyelesaian Asas Fiktif Positif Menurut Ketentuan Hukum Positif Di Indonesia.” Dekrit: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Hukum 13, no. 1 (2023): 69–90. https://doi.org/10.56943/dekrit.v13n1.140.

Simanjuntak, Enrico. “Prospek Prinsip Fiktif Positif Dalam Menunjang Kemudahan Berusaha Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 7, no. 2 (2018): 301–20. https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v7i2.250.

Spaak, Torben. “Meta-Ethics and Legal Theory: The Case of Gustav Radbruch.” Law and Philosophy 28, no. 3 (2008): 261–90.

Tellegen, Lucia. “The Lex Silencio Positivo, Environment Act and the Services Directive,” 2024. https://www.wieringa-advocaten.nl/en/weblog/2024/12/20/the-lex-silencio-positivo-environment-act-and-the-services-directive/.

Wicaksono, Dian Agung, Bimo Fajar Hantoro, and Dedy Kurniawan. “Quo Vadis Pengaturan Kewenangan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Dalam Penerimaan Permohonan Fiktif Positif Pasca Penataan Regulasi Dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja (Quo Vadis of the State Administrative Court’s Authority Provision on Deciding Fictitious Posit.” Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 10, no. 2 (2021): 323–37. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v10i2.715.

Widhoroso. “Ketidaksiapan Penerapan OSS Berbasis Risiko Jadi Perhatian Ombudsman,” September 2021. https://mediaindonesia.com/ekonomi/435218/ketidaksiapan-penerapan-oss-berbasis-risiko-jadi-perhatian-ombudsman.

Wulandari, Rini. “Implikasi Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 Tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan Terhadap Upaya Hukum Luar Biasa Dalam Sengketa Pertanahan.” Dharmasisya: Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FH UI 1, no. 2 (2021): 1033–46.

Yuniza, Mailinda Eka, and Melodia Puji Inggarwati. “Peluang Dan Tantangan Penerapan Keputusan Fiktif Positif Setelah Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Diundangkan.” Jurnal de Jure 13, no. 2 (2021): 114–29. https://doi.org/10.36277/jurnaldejure.v13i2.539.

Zahro, Nur Eka Fatimatuz, and Achmad Hasan Basri. “Konsep Permohonan Keputusan Fiktif Positif Pasca Berlakunya Pasal 175 Angka 7 Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 Tentang Cipta Kerja.” Panitera: Jurnal Hukum Dan Hukum Islam 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–23.