Exploring Cultural Conflict Resolution through Face Negotiation Theory in the Indonesian Film ‘Tarung Sarung’
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v15i3.7434Keywords:
Intercultural Communication, Face Negotiation Theory, Cross-Cultural Understanding, Conflict ResolutionAbstract
Introduction: This study examines Islamic values and intercultural communication through the lens of Face Negotiation Theory (FNT) in the film ‘Tarung Sarung’ (‘Sarong Fighting’). As a medium of communication, film delivers embedded messages that influence audience perceptions and emotions. ‘Tarung Sarung’ reflects societal realities and conveys messages that foster understanding across cultures. Indonesia's cultural diversity often leads to conflicts rooted in stereotypes, highlighting the need for cultural approaches to conflict resolution. Methods: This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach to explore how cultural values and communication strategies are portrayed in the film ‘Tarung Sarung’. The research design included textual and visual analysis of selected scenes and dialogues reflecting intercultural communication and conflict resolution. Stella Ting-Toomey’s Face Negotiation Theory (FNT) was applied to interpret key themes such as individualism versus collectivism and face concerns. Findings: The analysis reveals that the film illustrates how cultural values shape individuals' approaches to conflict resolution. Through its characters, the film demonstrates how intercultural strategies are influenced by cultural backgrounds, emphasizing the importance of understanding cultural differences. Originality: The study contributes novel insights by applying FNT to analyze ‘Tarung Sarung’, showcasing its depiction of Islamic values and intercultural communication in media. It underscores the role of film as a medium for fostering cross-cultural understanding.Downloads
References
Al-Shboul, Y., & Maros, M. (2020). The high and low-context communication styles in refusal strategies by jordanian Arabic and American english speakers. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28(3), 2063–2080.
Al Azis, M. R., & Irwansyah, I. (2021). Konflik Antar Etnis di Indonesia dalam Analisis Face Negotiation Theory. JESS (Journal of Education on Social Science), 5(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.24036/jess.v5i2.344
Ang, J. B. (2019). Agricultural legacy and individualistic culture. Journal of Economic Growth, 24(4), 397–425.
Binder, C. C. (2019). Redistribution and the Individualism–Collectivism Dimension of Culture. Social Indicators Research, 142(3), 1175–1192.
Bunge, M. (2016). Modes of Existence. The Review of Metaphysics, 70(2), 225–234.
Cameron, A. (2020). Face, Frame, Fragment: Refiguring Space in Found-Footage Cinema. In S. Ø. Sæther & S. T. Bull (Eds.), Screen Space Reconfigured (pp. 127–152). Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12pnt9c.9
Cooke, N., Boyd, S., & Moyer, A. (2023). Cultural Identity. In Canadian Literary Fare (Vol. 263, pp. 30–46). McGill-Queen’s University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.3816079.7
Cui, X., Zhang, H., Shen, J., Zhang, S., Stein, D., Sun, G., & Zhang, Z. (2024). Design and practise of Wechat mini program-based cross-cultural learning activities. Educational Technology & Society, 27(4), 390–405.
Dianiya, V. (2020). Representation of Social Class in Film: Semiotic Analysis of Roland Barthes Film Parasite. Profetik Jurnal Komunikasi, 13(2), 1–226. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230604193
Dworkin, A. P. (2024). THE SPIRIT ENDURES. In Lessons in Gratitude (pp. 237–248). University of Michigan Press.
Ekasaputra. (2020). Komunikasi Antarbudaya Dalam Film Victoria and Abdul. Jurnal Peurawi, (5).
Elhersh, G. A., Khan, M. L., & Alqawasmeh, H. K. (2024). Exploring the Arabic animation film landscape: filmmaker perspectives from seven nations. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2321975
Firdaus, F., Anggreta, D. K., & Yasin, F. (2020). Internalizing multiculturalism values through education: Anticipatory strategies for multicultural problems and intolerance in Indonesia. Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya, 22(1), 131–141.
Gale, J., Yogeeswaran, K., & Verkuyten, M. (2021). Bridging (Identification) divides: Ethnic minority endorsement of new diversity ideologies. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 81, 121–130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.01.007
Gönültaş, S., & Mulvey, K. L. (2023). Does negative media representation shape adolescents’ discrimination towards Syrian refugees through threat perception and prejudice? International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 95, 101807. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101807
Harman, S. (2016). Stuart Hall: Re-reading Cultural Identity, Diaspora, and Film. Howard Journal of Communications, 27(2), 112–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2016.1148651
Henisubagiharti, H., Risnawaty, R., Hasibuan, A., Diahsyafitri, D., Rozalia, R., Munirah, M., … Sunandari, S. (2022). Kajian Semiotik Pragmatik Deiksis dan Budaya Pada Film Tarung Sarung. Imajeri: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 4(2), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.22236/imajeri.v4i2.8727
Indreswari, E. P. (2020). Hambatan Komunikasi dan Face Negotioation dalam Persahabatan Mahasiswa Antar Etnis. UNS.
Janicke, S. H., & Ramasubramanian, S. (2017). Spiritual Media Experiences, Trait Transcendence, and Enjoyment of Popular Films. Journal of Media and Religion, 16(2), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2017.1311122
Kramer, M. (2018). At the limit of the personal: The Kashmir conflict via explorations in the ethical space of film. Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture, 9(3), 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1386/iscc.9.3.289_1
Lane, A. (2023). Towards a theory of organizational storytelling for public relations: An engagement perspective. Public Relations Review, 49(1), 102297. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2023.102297
Liaw, M.-L. (2019). EFL Learners’ Intercultural Communication in an Open Social Virtual Environment. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 22(2), 38–55.
Littlejohn, S. W., Foss, K. A., & Oetzel, J. G. (2017). Theories of Human Communication. Waveland Press, Incorporated.
Mahajan, R. (2015). The key role of communication skills in the life of professionals. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 20(12), 36–39.
Moleong, L. J. (2000). Metode Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Posdayakarya.
Nguyen, Q.-H. H. (2023). Cinema of Care: The Child Figure, the Collective, and War in The Little Girl of Hà Nội. Feminist Media Histories, 9(1), 33–51.
Okuda, H. (2016). China’s “peaceful rise/peaceful development”: A case study of media frames of the rise of China. Global Media and China, 1(1–2), 121–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059436416646275
Owete, K., & Olusakin, V. A. (2016). Limits of Intercultural Communication. In N. Iheanacho (Ed.), Intercultural Communication and Public Policy (pp. 239–258). M & J Grand Orbit Communications. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh8qzvr.19
Paterno, D. (2017). Media (other than), film, and communication (whatever that is). Communication Research and Practice, 3(3), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/22041451.2016.1262226
Putra, R. K., Hairunnisa, & Sabiruddin. (2018). Pola komunikasi masyarakat desa bangunrejo kecamatan tenggarong seberang dalam meredam konflik etnis. EJournal Ilmu Komunikasi, 6(1), 441–455.
Raisov, B., & Simsek, A. (2018). The Role of Media in Peaceful Resolution of Civil Wars: The Case of Tajikistan from the Point of Peace Communication. Online Journal of Communication and Media
Technologies, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.12973/ojcmt/2652
Salma. (2021). Pesan Moral dalam Film Tarung Sarung : Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes. UIN Alauddin Makassar.
Schröder-Butterfill, E., & Porath, N. (2023). Vulnerable, heroic… or invisible? Representations versus realities of later life in Indonesia. Progress in Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/14649934231197277
Schulte, F., & Trinn, C. (2024). Collective emotions, triggering events, and self-organization: The forest-fire model of cultural identity conflict escalation. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 78, 101954. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2024.101954
Stuart Hall. (1997). Representation. (Stuart Hall, Ed.). Sage Publication.
Ting-Toomey, S. (2017). Conflict Face-Negotiation Theory. Routledge.
Ting-toomey, S., & Kurogi, A. (1998). Facework competence in intercultural conflict: an updated face-negotiation theory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22(2), 187–225. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(98)00004-2
Ting‐Toomey, S., Gao, G., Trubisky, P., Yang, Z., Soo Kim, H., Lin, S., & Nishida, T. (1991). CULTURE, FACE MAINTENANCE, AND STYLES OF HANDLING INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT: A STUDY IN FIVE CULTURES. International Journal of Conflict Management, 2(4), 275–296. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022702
Varga, B. (2020). Conflict Types in Hungarian Film History. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies, 18(1), 133–171. https://doi.org/doi:10.2478/ausfm-2020-0007
Vdovin, A., & Zubkov, K. (2021). New Approaches to Representations of Peasants in Russian Literature. Introduction. Russian Literature, 119, 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ruslit.2021.01.003
Venkatesh, V., & del Carmen Caña Jiménez, M. (2016). Affect, Bodies, and Circulations in Contemporary Latin American Film. Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies, 20, 175–181.
Waziri, Z. Y. (2022). Politeness Theory and Resolution of Misunderstandings in Social Media Communication. Nsukka Journal of the Humanities, 30(2), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.62250/nsuk.2022.30.2.61-70
Wibawa, S. (2024). Family, Power, and Nationalism Children in Post-Independence Indonesian Cinema. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 180(1), 36–61. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-bja10056
Xie, S., Chen, J., & Wei, L. (2023). The strength of culture: Acculturation and urban-settlement intention of rural migrants in China. Habitat International, 138, 102855. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2023.102855
Yesildag, A. Y., & Bostan, S. (2023). Movie analysis as an active learning method: A study with health management student. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(1), 100759. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100759
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Transfer Form
The copyright to this article is transferred to the Department of Communication, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universitas Semarang if and when the article is accepted for publication. The undersigned hereby transfers any and all rights in and to the paper including without limitation all copyrights to the Department of Communication, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universitas Semarang. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment.
We declare that:
1. This paper has not been published in the same form elsewhere.
2. It will not be submitted anywhere else for publication prior to acceptance/rejection by this Journal.
3. A copyright permission is obtained for materials published elsewhere and which require this permission for reproduction.
Furthermore, I/We hereby transfer the unlimited rights of publication of the above mentioned paper in whole to the Department of Communication, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universitas Semarang. The copyright transfer not covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted.
Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions
1. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the Work.
2. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the work or derivative works for the authors personal use or for company use, provided that the source and the Department of Communication, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universitas Semarang copyright notice are indicated, the copies are not used in any way that implies the Department of Communication, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universitas Semarang endorsement of a product or service of any employer, and the copies themselves are not offered for sale.
3. Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the Work in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.