Identifikasi Faktor Risiko Kenakalan Remaja di Wilayah Kampung Kota Jakarta

Hammad Zahid Muharram; Ahmad Gimmy Prathama

doi:10.26623/philanthropy.v6i1.2738

Identifikasi Faktor Risiko Kenakalan Remaja di Wilayah Kampung Kota Jakarta

Hammad Zahid Muharram, Ahmad Gimmy Prathama

Abstract

Abstract. Kampung Kota is a term for densely populated settlements inhabited by urban communities with middle to lower economic status. This study aims to identify risk factors for juvenile delinquency in Kampung Kota communities affected by evictions. The research design used a single case study design. The participants involved in this study were selected using a purposive technique. Data was collected through interviews with four people from Kampung Akuarium, North Jakarta, observing adolescent behavior, and observing community activities in their environment. The research data were analyzed using a thematic analysis framework. This study identifies juvenile delinquency ecologically-based on individual and peer domains, family domains, school domains, and community domains. The results showed that in each domain there were risk factors for juvenile delinquency that contributed to the formation of anti-social behavior in adolescents. The existence of a socio-ecological crisis in the form of evictions that occur in the community also contributes to the increased risk of juvenile delinquency.
Keywords: Juvenile Delinquency; Risk Factor; Kampung Kota Community

Abstrak. Kampung Kota merupakan sebuah istilah bagi pemukiman padat penduduk yang dihuni oleh masyarakat urban berstatus ekonomi menengah ke bawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko kenakalan remaja pada masyarakat Kampung Kota yang terdampak penggusuran. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan desain studi kasus tunggal. Partisipan yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara kepada empat orang masyarakat, observasi terhadap perilaku remaja, serta mengamati interaksi masyarakat di lingkungan Kampung Akuarium Jakarta Utara. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan kerangka analisis tematik. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kenakalan remaja secara ekologis berdasarkan domain individu dan teman sebaya, domain keluarga, domain sekolah, dan domain komunitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada masing-masing domain ditemukan faktor risiko kenakalan remaja yang berkontribusi dalam membentuk perilaku anti-sosial pada remaja. Adanya krisis sosial ekologis berupa penggusuran yang terjadi pada masyarakat turut berkontribusi pada peningkatan risiko kenakalan remaja.
Kata kunci: Delinkuensi Remaja; Faktor Risiko; Masyarakat Kampung Kota

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdi, A. (2019, February 15). KPAI: 24 kasus anak di sekolah pada awal 2019 didominasi kekerasan. Tirto Online. https://tirto.id/dg8o

Alleyne, E., & Wood, J. L. (2014). Gang involvement: social and environmental factors. Crime & Delinquency, 60(4), 547 568. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128711398029

Arthur, M. W., Hawkins, J. D., Pollard, J. A., Catalano, R. F., & Baglioni, A. J., Jr. (2002). Measuring risk and protective factors for substance use, delinquency, and other adolescent problem behaviors. The communities that care youth survey. Evaluation review, 26(6), 575 601. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X0202600601

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77 101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Fitri, N. F., & Adelya, Bunga. (2017). Kematangan emosi remaja dalam pengentasan masalah. Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia, 2(2), 30-39. https://doi.org/10.29210/02225jpgi0005

Forsyth, C. J., Dick, S. J., Chen, J., Biggar, R. W., Forsyth, Y. A., & Burstein, K. (2018). Social psychological risk factors, delinquency and age of onset. Criminal Justice Studies, 31(2), 178 191. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2018.1435618

Hadisuprapto, P. (2004). Studi tentang makna penyimpangan perilaku di kalangan remaja. Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia, 3(3), 9 18. https://lib.ui.ac.id/detail.jsp?id=89875

Hall, G. S. (1904). Adolescence: Its psychology and its relations to physiology, anthropology, sociology, sex, crime, religion and education, Vol. 1. D Appleton & Company. https://doi.org/10.1037/10616-000

Hasanusi, Harmathilda. (2019). Penalaran moral dalam mencegah delikuensi remaja. Qiro ah: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 9(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.33511/qiroah.v9n1

Hurlock, E. B. (1981). Developmental psychology: life span approach (5th Ed.). Tata Mc. Graw Hill.

Ingram, J. R., Patchin, J. W., Huebner, B. M., Mc Clusky, J. D., & Bynum, T. S. (2007). Parents, friends and serious delinquency: an examination of direct and indirect effect among at risk early adolescent. Criminal Justice Review, 32(4), 380-400. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0734016807311436

Javed, M., Azhar, Z., Anwar, H.N., & Sohail, M.M. (2012). Socio-economic factors affecting to juvenile delinquency: a study conducted at borstal jails of punjab. Asian Journal of Empirical Research, 2, 183-197. https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5004/article/view/2897

Kazdin, A. E., Kraemer, H. C., Kessler, R. C., Kupfer, D. J., & Offord, D. (1997). Contributions of risk factor research to developmental psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 375 406. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(97)00012-3

Ketsil, T., Markvichit, M., & Thongsri, W. (2021). Environmental factors and hot spot areas of juvenile delinquency in bangkok. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10, 1088 1106. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.127

Lathif, A. (2020). Living in alleys: a story of kampung kota. In M. Ghosh (Eds.), Perception, design and ecology of the built environment: a focus on the global south (pp. 487 501). Springer Nature.

Loeber, R., Slot, N. W., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2006). A three dimensional, cumulative developmental model of serious delinquency. In P. Wikstr ¶m & R. Sampson (Eds.), The explanation of crime: context, mechanisms and development (pp. 153 194). Cambridge University Press.

Mirantika, N. R. (2016). Hubungan pola asuh permisif dan otoriter dengan kenakalan remaja. [Unpublished B.A.Psy. thesis]. Universitas Negeri Semarang.

Mrazek, P. J., & Haggerty, R. . (1994). Reducing risks for mental disorders: frontiers for preventative intervention research. National Academy Press.

Nugroho, A. (2009). Kampung kota sebagai sebuah titik tolak dalam membentuk urbanitas dan ruang kota berkelanjutan. Jurnal Rekayasa, 13(3), 209-218. http://ft-sipil.unila.ac.id/ ejournals/index.php/jrekayasa/article/view/20

Setiadi, E. (2020). Penghantar ringkas sosiologi: pemahaman fakta dan gejala permasalahan sosial. Penerbit Kencana.

Soekanto, S. (2009). Sosiologi keluarga: tentang ikhwal keluarga, remaja dan anak. Rineka Cipta.

Sudarsono. (2004). Kenakalan remaja. Rineka Cipta.

Unayah, N., & Sabarisman, M. (2015). Fenomena kenakalan remaja dan kriminalitas. Sosio Informa: Kajian Permasalahan Sosial dan Usaha Kesejahteraan Sosial, 1(2), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.33007/inf.v1i2.142

Wahdan, I., El Nimr, N., Kotb, R. & Wahdan, A. ( € 2014) € . Risk of aggression and criminal behaviour among adolescents living in Alexandria governorate, Egypt. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 20( € 4) € , 265-272. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/204153

Wa Teresia, J. N. (2021). Juvenile delinquency and crime Nairobi slum areas, Kenya. East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 4(1), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajass.4.1.449

Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research design and methods (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Yusuf, Y. (2018, December 16). Sepanjang 2018, delapan pelajar di Jakarta tewas akibat tawuran. Sindonews Online. https://metro.sindonews.com/read/1363298/170/sepanjang-2018-delapan-pelajar-di-jakarta-tewas-akibat-tawuran-1544965546

Zembroski, David. (2011). Sociological theories of crime and delinquency. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 21(3), 240 254. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 10911359.2011.564553

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/philanthropy.v6i1.2738