Pidana Pengawasan dalam KUHP Nasional Sebagai Alternatif Pemidanaan Berbasis Keadilan Restoratif

Rahmi Dwi Sutanti Sutanti; Jessica Thalia Mutiara Simamora; Putri Zalika Al Karima; Muhammad Iftar Aryaputra

doi:10.26623/julr.v9i2.14027

Authors

Rahmi Dwi Sutanti Sutanti Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro
Jessica Thalia Mutiara Simamora Universitas Diponegoro
Putri Zalika Al Karima Universitas Diponegoro
Muhammad Iftar Aryaputra Universitas Semarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v9i2.14027

Keywords:

Alternatif Pemidanaan, Keadilan Restoratif, Pidana Pengawasan

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the integration of restorative justice within the Indonesian sentencing system and to examine supervisory punishment as an alternative sentencing mechanism under the National Criminal Code. This research employs normative legal methods using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that before the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023, restorative justice had been accommodated in various sectoral regulations, yet remained partial and lacked systemic integration. The National Criminal Code subsequently institutionalizes supervisory punishment as a non-custodial sanction reflecting a paradigm shift from retributive to restorative justice, emphasizing victim recovery, offender accountability, and social reintegration. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis linking the pre-Criminal Code development of restorative justice with the formulation of supervisory punishment as a concrete instrument for its implementation within the national sentencing system. Therefore, supervisory punishment has strategic implications in promoting a more humane, proportional, and recovery-oriented criminal justice system.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi keadilan restoratif dalam sistem pemidanaan di Indonesia serta mengkaji pidana pengawasan sebagai alternatif pemidanaan dalam KUHP Nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023, konsep keadilan restoratif telah diakomodasi dalam berbagai regulasi sektoral, namun masih bersifat parsial dan belum terintegrasi secara sistemik. KUHP Nasional kemudian menginstitusionalisasikan pidana pengawasan sebagai bentuk pemidanaan non-pemenjaraan yang mencerminkan pergeseran paradigma dari retributif menuju restoratif, dengan menekankan pemulihan korban, tanggung jawab pelaku, dan reintegrasi sosial. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis komprehensif yang menghubungkan perkembangan keadilan restoratif pra-KUHP dengan formulasi pidana pengawasan sebagai instrumen konkret implementasi keadilan restoratif dalam sistem pemidanaan nasional. Dengan demikian, pidana pengawasan berimplikasi strategis dalam mewujudkan sistem pemidanaan yang lebih humanis, proporsional, dan berorientasi pada pemulihan sosial.

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