Analisis Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Kamboja dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Nasional

Rian Rusmana Putra; David Indra Pratama; Ilhamda Fattah Kaloko; Joel Niyobuhungiro; Natasya Febriyanti

doi:10.26623/julr.v9i2.13392

Authors

Rian Rusmana Putra Universitas Riau Kepulauan
David Indra Pratama Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan
Ilhamda Fattah Kaloko Universitas Maritim Raja Ali
Joel Niyobuhungiro Debrecen University
Natasya Febriyanti Universitas Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v9i2.13392

Keywords:

Hukum Pidana Nasional, Kerja Sama Internasional, Penegakan Hukum, Perdagangan Orang

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against human trafficking in Cambodia from the perspective of Indonesian national criminal law, particularly involving Indonesian victims of labor exploitation, online scams, and organ trafficking. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches, examining national regulations, ASEAN frameworks, and international legal instruments. The findings reveal that weaknesses in law enforcement are rooted not only in technical and institutional limitations but also in structural deficiencies in transnational legal cooperation, including fragmented mutual legal assistance, weak implementation of bilateral agreements, inconsistent interpretation of trafficking elements, and the absence of an integrated victim-centered enforcement model. Victim protection remains marginal within the criminal justice process, hindering substantive justice. This study concludes that strengthening Indonesian criminal law requires a transnational approach through integrated prosecution, extradition, mutual legal assistance, and victim protection mechanisms. The novelty lies in repositioning Indonesian criminal law as a strategic normative instrument in designing cross-border anti-trafficking cooperation in Southeast Asia.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan orang di Kamboja dari perspektif hukum pidana nasional Indonesia, khususnya yang melibatkan korban WNI dalam eksploitasi kerja, penipuan daring, dan perdagangan organ. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual melalui kajian regulasi nasional, kerangka ASEAN, serta instrumen hukum internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelemahan penegakan hukum tidak hanya disebabkan oleh keterbatasan teknis dan kapasitas aparat, tetapi juga oleh kelemahan struktural dalam kerja sama hukum lintas negara, seperti fragmentasi bantuan hukum timbal balik, lemahnya implementasi perjanjian bilateral, inkonsistensi penafsiran unsur TPPO, serta belum terintegrasinya model penegakan hukum berbasis korban. Perlindungan korban masih marginal dalam sistem peradilan pidana sehingga menghambat keadilan substantif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan hukum pidana nasional Indonesia harus dilakukan melalui pendekatan transnasional yang mengintegrasikan penuntutan, ekstradisi, bantuan hukum timbal balik, dan perlindungan korban. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada reposisi hukum pidana nasional sebagai instrumen strategis dalam desain kerja sama lintas negara di Asia Tenggara.

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