MANAJEMEN ALIRAN ENERGI MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA GENETIK PADA dc/ac MIKROGRID
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26623/elektrika.v17i2.12915Kata Kunci:
Mikrogrid, Manajemen Energi, Photovoltaik, Turbin Angin, Algoritma GenetikAbstrak
Pembangkitan energi listrik terdesentralisasi memakai energi terbarukan semakin banyak digunakan untuk mendorong inklusi sosial penduduk di wilayah pedesaan. Dalam daerah yang belum terjangkau jaringan listrik, maka semakin banyak infrastruktur jaringan yang dipasang menggunakan genset. Sumber energi ini hanya berfungsi untuk menyediakan listrik di lokasi tersebut, sementara penduduk setempat membutuhkan listrik yang meningkat setiap tahunnya. Penggunaan mikrogrid berbasis energi terbarukan, khususnya energi photovoltaic (PV), di lokasi-lokasi pedesaan dapat berkontribusi pada pencapaian tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pengelolaan mikrogrid ini dapat memastikan pasokan listrik yang berkelanjutan bagi penduduk setempat. Untuk mencapai konvergensi antara akses universal terhadap kebutuhan energi penduduk dan penyediaan energi memakai mikrogrid, maka penggunaan algoritma optimasi untuk perencanaan dan efisiensi operasional mikrogrid yang lebih baik sangatlah penting. Untuk tujuan ini, algoritma genetik digunakan untuk manajemen aliran energi yang optimal dalam sistem multi-PV dan multi-beban, untuk menguji kemampuan mikrogrid dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan mikrogrid yang optimal menjamin Probabilitas Kehilangan Pasokan Daya sebesar 0,16%, penghematan biaya listrik sebesar 53%, dan faktor penghematan emisi sebesar 88,9%. Rendahnya biaya listrik yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa metode ini merupakan peluang nyata untuk meningkatkan akses listrik bagi penduduk berpenghasilan rendah di pedesaan. Demikian pula, nilai faktor terbarukan maksimum yang diperoleh menunjukkan pengurangan waktu pengoperasian genset, yang berdampak pada pengurangan biaya operasional dan emisi gas rumah kaca secara signifikan.
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