Framing the #IndonesiaGelap Demonstration Narrative in Indonesian Online Media
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v18i1.12971Keywords:
Framing Comparison, #IndonesiaGelap, Media in Indonesia, Trusted MediaAbstract
Purpose: This research aims to explore and understand how Kompas.com and CNN Indonesia, the two online media outlets with the highest level of public trust, frame the violent dimension of the #IndonesiaGelap demonstration news coverage. Both outlets have the best reputation ratings in Indonesia; in 2025, Kompas.com scored 62%, and CNNIndonesia.com scored 61%, outperforming other media outlets, both traditional and digital.
Methods: This study uses a qualitative method with a critical paradigm and a framing approach to CNN Indonesia news and Kompas.com regarding the #IndonesiaGelap demonstration actions during February 17-21, 2025, using Robert N. Entman's Framing Theory. This model was chosen because it emphasizes cognitive aspects that are suitable for analyzing long-term socio-political issues, compared to other models that emphasize formal aspects and linguistic metaphors.
Findings: The results of the study show that Kompas.com highlights issues and causes of conflict through the demands of demonstrators and government policies. It tends to be critical and balanced. Meanwhile, CNN Indonesia focuses on the definition of the problem and avoids mentioning the cause or moral judgment. It tends to be neutral. These findings affirm the balanced and neutral role of the media in shaping public perceptions while considering security aspects. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics of media framing on democracy in Indonesia.
Originality: This study contributes theoretically by showing that nearly identical trust scores between Kompas.com and CNN Indonesia do not guarantee equal critical framing, nuancing media credibility theory's assumption that audience trust reflects a medium's depth of critical journalism.
References
Akbari, R. (2024). Di Antara Literasi dan Bias Politik: Studi Tentang Tingkat Kepercayaan Publik Terhadap Media di Indonesia. AJI - Aliansi Jurnalis Independen. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://aji.or.id/data/hasil-survei-di-antara-literasi-dan-bias-politik
Amallah, N. S., Heryanto, G. G., Praptiningsih, N. A., Adeni, A., & Setiawan, B. (2025). Media independence and share ownership structure in Indonesian media with a focus on Tempo. Discover Global Society, 3(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44282-025-00251-z
Anggoro, A. D., & Amin, A. (2018). The Development of Teun Van Dijk Model: A Discourse Analysis Towards News Report of Jakarta Regional Election on Media Indonesia.com Published from November Until December 2016. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 4(12), 834–840. https://ideas.repec.org/a/arp/tjssrr/2018p834-840.html
Anugrah, Y. (2025a, February 20). Aksi Lanjutan 'Indonesia Gelap', Ribuan Mahasiswa Padati Patung Kuda. cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250220163637-20-1200636/aksi-lanjutan-indonesia-gelap-ribuan-mahasiswa-padati-patung-kuda?utm_campaign=cnnsocmed&utm_medium=oa&utm_source=twitter
Anugrah, Y. (2025b, February 20). Demo Indonesia Gelap di Patung Kuda, Mahasiswa Robohkan Barier Beton. cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250220172959-20-1200667/demo-indonesia-gelap-di-patung-kuda-mahasiswa-robohkan-barier-beton?utm_campaign=cnnsocmed&utm_medium=oa&utm_source=twitter
Anugrah, Y. (2025c, February 21). Warga Disabilitas Demo Indonesia Gelap, Baca Pancasila di Patung Kuda. cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250221174545-20-1201101/warga-disabilitas-demo-indonesia-gelap-baca-pancasila-di-patung-kuda?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=oa&utm_content=cnnindonesia&utm_campaign=cmssocmed
Aras, M., & Barezki, R. (2023). Framing analysis of news of the pause on Johnson & Johnson vaccine of Corona Virus (Covid-19) on CNN.com and Foxnews.com. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2594(1), 120015. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0113490
Arifin, M. S., Iskandar, D., & Sobari, T. (2020). Robert Entman Framing Analysis Of Saracen Hoak Issue News In Republika.Co.Id And Kompas.Com. JLER (Journal of Language Education Research), 3(2), 120–134. https://doi.org/10.22460/jler.v3i2.p39-53
Ariyanto, S. (2024). Analisis Framing Model Robert N. Entman tentang Serangan Ransomware Pada PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk. CommLine, 9(1), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.36722/cl.v9i1.2899
A’yun, S. Q., Habsy, B. A., & Nursalim, M. (2025). Model-Model Penelitian Kualitatif: Literature Review. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia, 4(2), 341–354. https://doi.org/10.31004/jpion.v4i2.367
Bakry, G. N., Rahman, A., & Ramadhan, M. H. (2025). Discourse Network Analysis of CNN’s “Indonesia Gelap”: Advocacy Coalition and Public Sphere. Kajian Jurnalisme, 9(1), 92–108. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkj.v9i1.62553
Ballarini, L. (2020). The Independence of the News Media. Francophone Research on Media, Economics and Politics: Cham, Palgrave Macmillan, coll. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.4000/questionsdecommunication.27830
Bello, S. A., Talabi, F. O., Olawunmi, B., & Omitola, A. A. (2025). Freedom of Expression and the Role of the Media in Promoting Individual Rights in Nigeria: A Theoretical Review. African Journal of Law and Justice System, 4(2), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.31920/2753-3123/2025/v4n2a5
Boer, K. M., Pratiwi, M. R., & Muna, N. (2020). (PDF) Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Generasi Milenial dan Pemerintah Terkait Covid-19 di Media Online. Communicatus: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 4(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.15575/cjik.v4i1.8277
Bustomi, M. I. (2025, February 21). Ledakan Petasan di Aksi Indonesia Gelap, Massa Sempat Mundur Karena Mengira Gas Air Mata. Kompas.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2025/02/21/18144341/ledakan-petasan-di-aksi-indonesia-gelap-massa-sempat-mundur-karena
Chu, J. A., Williamson, S., & Yeung, E. S. F. (2024). People consistently view elections and civil liberties as key components of democracy. Science, 386(6719), 291–296. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp1274
CNN Indonesia. (2025a, February 21). Indonesia Gelap Ricuh, Aparat Dilempari Bom Molotov di Patung Kuda. cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250221190500-20-1201136/indonesia-gelap-ricuh-aparat-dilempari-bom-molotov-di-patung-kuda?utm_campaign=cnnsocmed&utm_medium=oa&utm_source=twitter
CNN Indonesia. (2025b, February 21). CCTV Dirusak Saat Aksi Indonesia Gelap di Patung Kuda. cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250221180859-20-1201115/cctv-dirusak-saat-aksi-indonesia-gelap-di-patung-kuda?utm_campaign=cnnsocmed&utm_medium=oa&utm_source=twitter
CNN Indonesia. (2025c, February 21). Massa 'Indonesia Gelap' Bubarkan Diri, Lalin Kembali Dibuka. cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250221210719-20-1201182/massa-indonesia-gelap-bubarkan-diri-lalin-kembali-dibuka?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=oa&utm_content=cnnindonesia&utm_campaign=cmssocmed
CNN Indonesia. (2025d, February 21). Pedemo 'Indonesia Gelap' Bakar Barrier Plastik di Patung Kuda. cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250221195134-20-1201161/pedemo-indonesia-gelap-bakar-barrier-plastik-di-patung-kuda?utm_campaign=cnnsocmed&utm_medium=oa&utm_source=twitter
CNN Indonesia. (2025e, February 21). Aksi Indonesia Gelap, Massa di Patung Kuda Lempar Botol dan Petasan. cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250221162718-20-1201074/aksi-indonesia-gelap-massa-di-patung-kuda-lempar-botol-dan-petasan?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=oa&utm_content=cnnindonesia&utm_campaign=cmssocmed
Danso, S. (2025). Media and politics: Investigating government interests, ownership influence and media independence in combating corruption in Ghana. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1), 2483391. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2483391
Dhamayanti, L. P., Mani, L., & Dhamayanti, M. (2024). Online News: Media Framing On Indonesia’s Capital City Relocation Policy. Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, 51(6), 110–123. https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v51i6.3225
Durham, J. D., Rosen, A. F. G., & Gronlund, S. D. (2024). Blame framing and prior knowledge influence moral judgments for people involved in the Tulsa Race Massacre among a combined Oklahoma and UK sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1251238
Fairclough, I., & Mădroane, I. D. (2020). An Argumentative Approach to “Framing”. Framing, Deliberation and Action in an Environmental Conflict. Co-Herencia, 17(32), 119–158. https://doi.org/10.17230/co-herencia.17.32.5
Farisi, B. A., & Huda, L. (2025a, February 20). Massa Aksi Indonesia Gelap Mulai Jebol Beton Pembatas di Patung Kuda. Kompas.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2025/02/20/17531891/massa-aksi-indonesia-gelap-mulai-jebol-beton-pembatas-di-patung-kuda
Farisi, B. A., & Maulana, A. H. (2025b, February 20). Tiba di Patung Kuda, Massa Demo Indonesia Gelap Langsung Bakar Ban. Kompas.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2025/02/20/15192861/tiba-di-patung-kuda-massa-demo-indonesia-gelap-langsung-bakar-ban
Farisi, B. A., & Farisa, F. C. (2025c, February 20). Demo Indonesia Gelap di Patung Kuda Mulai, Mahasiswa Datang Sambil Kepalkan Tangan. Kompas.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2025/02/20/15202161/demo-indonesia-gelap-di-patung-kuda-mulai-mahasiswa-datang-sambil
Flavin, P., & Montgomery, F. (2020). Freedom of the press and perceptions about government corruption. International Political Science Review, 41(4), 554–566. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512119858469
Fredheim, N. A. G. (2021). Life, death or drugs: Actor framing power on the news media coverage of health care policy. European Journal of Communication, 36(3), 270–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323120978721
Giraldes, M. (2024). A culpa é de junho de 2013? Os caminhos da alienação política e a ascensão da extrema direita no Brasil. Psicologia USP, 35, e230122. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6564e230122
Hendriana, Y. H., Hidayat, D. R., Rusmana, A., & Sjafirah, N. A. (2025). The Money Runs Out: Media Commodification by the Government during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Studies in Media and Communication, 13(3), 364–375. https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v13i3.7554
Ibrahim, A. M. (2025, February 20). BEM SI Gelar Aksi Lanjutan Indonesia Gelap di Patung Kuda Hari Ini. cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250220062351-20-1200291/bem-si-gelar-aksi-lanjutan-indonesia-gelap-di-patung-kuda-hari-ini?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=oa&utm_content=cnnindonesia&utm_campaign=cmssocmed
Jakaza, E., Mangeya, H., & Mhute, I. (Eds.). (2024). The Palgrave Handbook of Language and Crisis Communication in Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43059-6
Junaid, M., Sangaji, R., Rasyid, N., Qudratullah, Q., & Abdullah, R. (2025). The Role of the Family in Demoralization from the Perspective of Tafsir Ahkam: A Framing Analysis of Online Gambling Cases in Indonesia. El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 8(2), 1232–1253. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v8i2.25049
Karppinen, K., & Moe, H. (2016). What We Talk About When Talk About “Media Independence.” Javnost, 23(2), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2016.1162986
Koon, A. D., Hawkins, B., & Mayhew, S. H. (2016). Framing and the health policy process: A scoping review. Health Policy and Planning, 31(6), 801–816. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czv128
Krisdinanto, N., Apul, M. M. B., & Ritonga, R. (2024). Critical Moment for Indonesian Journalism: Disappearance of Journalistic Firewall. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 40(2). http://ejournal.ukm.my/mjc/article/view/69355
Kurniawan, F. K. C., & Huda, L. (2025a, February 17). Mahasiswa Coba Tarik Beton Pembatas dalam Unjuk Rasa Indonesia Gelap. Kompas.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2025/02/17/18060291/mahasiswa-coba-tarik-beton-pembatas-dalam-unjuk-rasa-indonesia-gelap
Kurniawan, F. K. C., & Maulana, A. H. (2025b, February 20). Gelar Demo Indonesia Gelap di Patung Kuda, Massa Aksi Tarik Beton Pembatas hingga Roboh. Kompas.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2025/02/20/17500951/gelar-demo-indonesia-gelap-di-patung-kuda-massa-aksi-tarik-beton-pembatas
Latypova, N. S. (2025). The legal history of the struggle for civil rights: The role of social movements in achieving racial equality in the United States. Gosudarstvo i pravo, (2), 172–178. https://doi.org/10.31857/S1026945225020177
Lim, I., Kim, Y., & Kim, S. (2025). Two paths of news frames affecting support for particulate matter policies in South Korea: The moderating roles of media exposure and psychological distance. Risk Analysis, 45(6), 1513–1528. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.17675
Masduki, M., & d’Haenens, L. (2022). Concentration of Media Ownership in Indonesia: A Setback for Viewpoint Diversity. International Journal of Communication, 16, 21–21. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/17769
Medina, M., & Kimber, D. (2025). Audience Engagement as Pillar of Sustainability of Media Companies: Now and Beyond. Media Engagement: Connecting with Audiences in Media Markets, 1–12. https:/doi.org/10.4324/9781003585671-2
Mendelsohn, J., Vijan, M., Card, D., & Budak, C. (2024). Framing Social Movements on Social Media: Unpacking Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Motivational Strategies. Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media, 4. https://doi.org/10.51685/jqd.2024.icwsm.9
Muhammad, K., Supriyono, B., Muluk, M. R. K., & Nuh, M. (2024). Does News in Mass Media Increase Public Service Responsivity? Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(7), e06855–e06855. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n7-111
Muharrom, F., Feriyanti, O. P., & Radivan, Z. (2025). Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Indonesia Gelap Pada Media Online CNNIndonesia.com dan Tempo.Co (Analisis Framing R Entman). Jurnal Komputer, Informasi Dan Teknologi, 5(1), 14–14. https://doi.org/10.53697/jkomitek.v5i1.2434
Mwangi, C. (2018). Media Influence on Public Policy in Kenya: The Case of Illicit Brew Consumption. Sage Open, 8(2), 2158244018764245. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018764245
Newman, N. (2021). Digital News Report 2021. Reuters Institute. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2021
Noorzai, R., & Hale, C. (2021). Balanced Coverage in Practice: News Reporting of Conflict and Peace in Afghanistan. Journal of War & Culture Studies, 14(3), 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/17526272.2020.1719608
Nuruddin, N., Nurbayan, Y., Mahliatussikah, H., & Ekowati, S. H. (2020). The Fall of Egyptian President Morsi and the Media Representation: A Critical Discourse analysis of Kompas Daily Newspaper. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28(2), 1035–1054. http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjssh/browse/regular-issue?article=JSSH-5417-2019
Oo, Z., Dai, Y., Edderssi, Y., Dipak, D., & Singh, B. (2024). Media’s Perception of China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC): A Framing Analysis of Media Discourse on Chinese Investments in Myanmar. Studies in Media and Communication, 12(3), 375–392. https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v12i3.6957
Powell, T. E., Boomgaarden, H. G., De Swert, K., & de Vreese, C. H. (2019). Framing fast and slow: A dual processing account of multimodal framing effects. Media Psychology, 22(4), 572–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2018.1476891
Pratiwi, E. N., Utama, M. C., Pratama, S. S., A, M. A. S., & Widhiandono, D. (2025). Analisis Framing Berita Pertemuan Donald Trump Dan Volodymyr Zelenskyy Di Gedung Putih Dalam Pemberitaan Detik.Com Dan Cnn Indonesia. RELASI: Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi, 5(02), 38–57. https://doi.org/10.69957/relasi.v5i02.2070
Prayudi, Fatonah, S., & Shafira, J. (2021). Covid-19 on Online News Media: A Discourse Analysis of Indonesian Government Crisis Management on Kompas.com. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 37(3). http://ejournal.ukm.my/mjc/article/view/49804
Pulido, M. L. (2022). Democracy of People: Beyond the Citizen and the Individual. In J. J. Gómez Gutiérrez, J. Abdelnour-Nocera, & E. Anchústegui Igartua (Eds.), Democratic Institutions and Practices: A Debate on Governments, Parties, Theories and Movements in Today’s World (pp. 37–54). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10808-2_3
Putra, D. K. S., Harliantara, Damayanti, A. M., & Li, H. (2025). Critical discourse analysis of ‘Peringatan Darurat Garuda Biru’ in digital political communications. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 9(3), 619–632. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v9i3.10809
Rabe, L. (2016). The importance of media freedom in South Africa: Two centuries, two case studies, from the Magna Carta to the Secrecy Bill. Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe, 56(3), 856–874. https://doi.org/10.17159/2224-7912/2016/v56n3a9
Rafni, I. A., & Huda, L. (2025a, February 21). Aksi Indonesia Gelap di Patung Kuda Mulai Ricuh, Massa Nyalakan Kembang Api dan Molotov. Kompas.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2025/02/21/19162801/aksi-indonesia-gelap-di-patung-kuda-mulai-ricuh-massa-nyalakan-kembang#
Rafni, I. A., & Maulana, A. H. (2025b, February 21). Massa Aksi Indonesia Gelap Rusak Kawat Berduri, Polisi Ingatkan Untuk Tidak Terprovokasi. Kompas.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2025/02/21/18085731/massa-aksi-indonesia-gelap-rusak-kawat-berduri-polisi-ingatkan-untuk#
Ramadhanty, D. A., & Huda, L. (2025a, February 17). Unjuk Rasa Mahasiswa Indonesia Gelap diwarnai Aksi Bakar Ban. Kompas.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2025/02/17/17485411/unjuk-rasa-mahasiswa-indonesia-gelap-diwarnai-aksi-bakar-ban#google_vignette
Ramadhanty, D. A., & Huda, L. (2025b, February 17). Kembali Bakar Spanduk, Massa Aksi Indonesia Gelap Mencoba Tembus Beton Pembatas. Kompas.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2025/02/17/20113441/kembali-bakar-spanduk-massa-aksi-indonesia-gelap-mencoba-tembus-beton
Ramadhanty, D. A., & Pratama, A. M. (2025c, February 17). Diminta Bubar, Massa Demo Indonesia Gelap Lempar Botol dan Kayu ke Polisi. Kompas.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2025/02/17/19481891/diminta-bubar-massa-demo-indonesia-gelap-lempar-botol-dan-kayu-ke-polisi
Salman, D., Purwasito, A., & Rais, W. A. (2023). How Media Remembered the Past: Framing Analysis of the May 1998 Tragedy in Indonesian Print Newspapers (1999-2008). Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 39(2). http://ejournal.ukm.my/mjc/article/view/64775
Sanz-Hernández, A., Esteban, E., Marco, P., & Soriano, G. (2020). Forest bioeconomy in the media discourse in Spain. Ambio, 49(12), 1897–1911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01390-0
Schätz, K., & Kirchhoff, S. (2024). From party to pandemic – Frames and metaphors in the news coverage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Austria. Studies in Communication Sciences, 24(1), 9–26. https://doi.org/10.24434/j.scoms.2024.01.3868
Sen, A., Priya, Aggarwal, P., Guru, A., Bansal, D., Mohammed, I., Goyal, J., Kumar, K., Mittal, K., Singh, M., Goel, M., Gupta, S., Madapur, V., Khatana, V., & Seth, A. (2018). Empirical Analysis of the Presence of Power Elite in Media. Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies, COMPASS ’18, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1145/3209811.3212702
Setiawan, A., Nurmandi, A., Usman, S., & Qodir, Z. (2024). (PDF) Indonesian Government Communication in Media Framing in Covid-19 Crisis. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n5-174
Steele, J. (2021, June 23). Digital News Report 2021. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
Steele, J. (2025, June 17). Digital News Report 2025. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
Svensson, E.-M., & Edstrom, M. (2016). Market-driven challenges to freedom of expression and interaction between the State, the Market, and the Media. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2016-0013
Syafriadi, S., & Santri, S. H. (2025). Press Freedom and Its Relevance to the Theory of People’s Sovereignty In the Indonesian Legal Regime. Prophetic Law Review, 7(1), 47–69. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol7.iss1.art3
Tagle, F., Greene, F., Jans, A., & Ortiz, G. (2022). Framing of social protest news in Web portals in Chile and Colombia during 2019. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 20(4), 424–439. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-03-2021-0038
Tshiyoyo, M. (2025). The Practice of Democratic and Political Governance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In The Economic Effects of Air Transport Market Liberalisation: A Perspective Analysis of the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM). Springer Nature.
Venger, O. (2016). The strategic use of news coverage of the 2009 ‘Green Movement’ in the US and Iranian newspapers as social drama. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 9(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1386/jammr.9.1.61_1
Wahab, S. A., & Abdullah, M. H. T. (2025). Media Framing on Bernama’s Twitter Coverage During Malaysia’s GE15: An Exploratory Factor Analysis. SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research, 17(1), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.58946/search-17.1.P3
Widyaya, I., & Setiawan, W. (2023). Analisis Framing Model Robert N. Entman Dalam Representasi Publik Figur Politik: Episode “Dosa-Dosa Anies” Di Program “Kick Andy” Metro Tv. Sibatik Journal: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan, 3(1), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v3i1.1782
Yan, F. (2020). Image, Reality and Media Construction: A Frame Analysis of German Media Representations of China. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9076-1
Zaezar, M. (2025, February 20). Ratusan Polisi Diterjunkan Kawal Aksi 'Indonesia Gelap' di Patung Kuda. cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved October 5th, 2025 from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250220101311-20-1200371/ratusan-polisi-diterjunkan-kawal-aksi-indonesia-gelap-di-patung-kuda?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=oa&utm_content=cnnindonesia&utm_campaign=cmssocmed
Zhang, S. I., Liu, Z., & Peng, A. Y. (2026). Framing NATO in China during the 2022 war in Ukraine. Media, War & Conflict, 19(1), 27–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352241268717
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Lorensia Hani Aradita, Dudi Rustandi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Form
The copyright to this article is transferred to the Department of Communication, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universitas Semarang if and when the article is accepted for publication. The undersigned hereby transfers any and all rights in and to the paper including without limitation all copyrights to the Department of Communication, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universitas Semarang. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment.
We declare that:
1. This paper has not been published in the same form elsewhere.
2. It will not be submitted anywhere else for publication prior to acceptance/rejection by this Journal.
3. A copyright permission is obtained for materials published elsewhere and which require this permission for reproduction.
Furthermore, I/We hereby transfer the unlimited rights of publication of the above mentioned paper in whole to the Department of Communication, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universitas Semarang. The copyright transfer not covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted.
Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions
1. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the Work.
2. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the work or derivative works for the authors personal use or for company use, provided that the source and the Department of Communication, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universitas Semarang copyright notice are indicated, the copies are not used in any way that implies the Department of Communication, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universitas Semarang endorsement of a product or service of any employer, and the copies themselves are not offered for sale.
3. Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the Work in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.
