Communicating Digital Creative Labour under Algorithmic Governance in Platform Economies 29 27

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v18i1.12408

Keywords:

Array, Array, Array, Array, Array

Abstract

Purpose: On platforms like TikTok and Instagram, a creator's livelihood depends entirely on being seen. This study investigates how platform algorithms restrict digital creators through official corporate rules. We explore how tech companies use institutional communications to exert structural and symbolic power over digital content creators.

 

Methods: Using critical discourse analysis, we examined official platform rulebooks, including algorithm policies, community guidelines, and moderation manuals. By analyzing the specific language within these documents, we traced how corporate wording subtly dictates the power balance between platforms and creators.

 

Findings: Platforms strategically use passive voice, moral framing, and dense technical jargon to obscure authority while steering creator behavior. By framing visibility as both a reward and a constant risk, platforms force creators into internalized surveillance. Creators consequently mold their content and personalities to fit underlying algorithmic logic.

 

Originality: Previous research often treats algorithms as opaque technical black boxes, frequently and completely overlooking the institutional texts mediating this control. This study fills that gap by introducing linguistic algorithmic governmentality. We demonstrate that platform guidelines are disciplinary technologies translating cold code into behavioral norms. Theoretically, this extends Foucaultian governmentality and the critical political economy of communication into the platform era. It proves digital power is enforced through strategic corporate language, reshaping how we understand digital subjectivity and creative labor governance within contemporary digital media ecosystems.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Annabell, T. (2025). The Ideal Influencer: How Influencer Coaches and Platforms Construct Creators as Monetizing for the Right Reasons. Social Media + Society, 11(1), 20563051251323951. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251323951

Bratich, J. Z., Packer, J., & McCarthy, C. R. (Eds.). (2003). Foucault, Cultural Studies, and Governmentality. State University of New York Press.

Bucher, E. L., Schou, P. K., & Waldkirch, M. (2021). Pacifying the algorithm – Anticipatory compliance in the face of algorithmic management in the gig economy. Organization, 28(1), 44–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508420961531

Canning, P., & Walker, B. (2024). Discourse Analysis: A Practical Introduction. Routledge.

Charitsis, V., Laamanen, M., & Lehtiniemi, T. (2025). Towards Algorithmic Luddism: Class politics in data capitalism. Information, Communication & Society, 28(6), 971–988. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2024.2435996

Cini, L. (2023). How algorithms are reshaping the exploitation of labour-power: Insights into the process of labour invisibilization in the platform economy. Theory and Society, 52(5), 885–911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-023-09520-9

Cobbe, J. (2021). Algorithmic Censorship by Social Platforms: Power and Resistance. Philosophy & Technology, 34(4), 739–766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00429-0

Dammann, F., Eichenmüller, C., & Glasze, G. (2022). Geographies of “digital governmentality”: Platform-based governing through adaptive environments. Digital Geography and Society, 3, 100034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diggeo.2022.100034

De Ruvo, G. (2025). Algorithmic Objectivity as Ideology: Toward a Critical Ethics of Digital Capitalism. Topoi, 44(1), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-024-10117-9

Dergacheva, D., & Katzenbach, C. (2023). “We Learn Through Mistakes”: Perspectives of Social Media Creators on Copyright Moderation in the European Union. Social Media + Society, 9(4), 20563051231220329. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231220329

Duffy, B. E., & Meisner, C. (2023). Platform governance at the margins: Social media creators’ experiences with algorithmic (in)visibility. Media, Culture & Society, 45(2), 285–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221111923

Gardezi, M., & Stock, R. (2021). Growing algorithmic governmentality: Interrogating the social construction of trust in precision agriculture. Journal of Rural Studies, 84, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.03.004

Guerra, A., & d’Andréa, C. (2023). Crossing the algorithmic “Red Sea”: Brazilian ubertubers’ ways of knowing surge pricing. Information, Communication & Society, 26(14), 2707–2725. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2109979

Hägg, G., Kurczewska, A., & Poček, J. (2025). A context in mutation: How the gig economy is changing the rules of the game for entrepreneurship? Review of Managerial Science, 19(11), 3541–3561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-025-00859-0

Harkens, A. (2018). The ghost in the legal machine: Algorithmic governmentality, economy, and the practice of law. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 16(1), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-09-2016-0038

Henin, C., & Le Métayer, D. (2022). Beyond explainability: Justifiability and contestability of algorithmic decision systems. AI & SOCIETY, 37(4), 1397–1410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01251-8

Hödl, T., & Myrach, T. (2023). Content Creators Between Platform Control and User Autonomy. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 65(5), 497–519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-023-00808-9

Kalke, K. (2025). The metamorphosis of autonomy in the digital sphere: Implications for the eco-emancipatory project. European Journal of Social Theory, 28(4), 564–583. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684310251330598

Kasapoglu, T., Masso, A., & Calzati, S. (2021). Unpacking algorithms as technologies of power: Syrian refugees and data experts on algorithmic governance. Digital Geography and Society, 2, 100016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diggeo.2021.100016

Khader, J. (2022). Welcome to the Metaverse: Social Media, the Phantasmatic Big Other, and the Anxiety of the Prosthetic Gods. Rethinking Marxism, 34(3), 397–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2022.2111957

Lata, L. N., Burdon, J., & Reddel, T. (2023). New tech, old exploitation: Gig economy, algorithmic control and migrant labour. Sociology Compass, 17(1), e13028. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.13028

Liang, Y., Li, J., Aroles, J., & Granter, E. (2025). Content Creation within the Algorithmic Environment: A Systematic Review. Work, Employment and Society, 39(4), 787–813. https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170251325784

Maalsen, S. (2023). Algorithmic epistemologies and methodologies: Algorithmic harm, algorithmic care and situated algorithmic knowledges. Progress in Human Geography, 47(2), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325221149439

Matzner, T. (2024). Algorithms as complementary abstractions. New Media & Society, 26(4), 1799–1815. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221078604

Morales, K., & Stecher, A. (2023). Platform capitalism and neo-normative control: “Autonomy” as a digital platform control strategy in neoliberal Chile. New Technology, Work and Employment, 38(2), 230–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12258

Newlands, G. (2021). Algorithmic Surveillance in the Gig Economy: The Organization of Work through Lefebvrian Conceived Space. Organization Studies, 42(5), 719–737. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840620937900

Pellandini-Simányi, L. (2024). Algorithmic classifications in credit marketing: How marketing shapes inequalities. Marketing Theory, 24(2), 211–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/14705931231160828

Petersmann, M., & Van Den Meerssche, D. (2024). On phantom publics, clusters, and collectives: Be(com)ing subject in algorithmic times. AI & SOCIETY, 39(1), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01728-8

Pignot, E. (2023). Who is pulling the strings in the platform economy? Accounting for the dark and unexpected sides of algorithmic control. Organization, 30(1), 140–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508420974523

Purcell, C., & Brook, P. (2022). At Least I’m My Own Boss! Explaining Consent, Coercion and Resistance in Platform Work. Work, Employment and Society, 36(3), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017020952661

Ricaurte, P., Gómez-Cruz, E., & Siles, I. (2024). Algorithmic governmentality in Latin America: Sociotechnical imaginaries, neocolonial soft power, and authoritarianism. Big Data & Society, 11(1), 20539517241229697. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517241229697

Salamon, E., & Saunders, R. (2024). Domination and the Arts of Digital Resistance in Social Media Creator Labor. Social Media + Society, 10(3), 20563051241269318. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051241269318

Scharlach, R., Hallinan, B., & Shifman, L. (2024). Governing principles: Articulating values in social media platform policies. New Media & Society, 26(11), 6658–6677. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231156580

Törnberg, P. (2023). How platforms govern: Social regulation in digital capitalism. Big Data & Society, 10(1), 20539517231153808. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231153808

University College Dubllin. (2023). Flexible Work, Rigid Politics: The Nexus Between Labour Precariousness and Authoritarian Politics in The Global South (Brazil, India, Philippines). European Commission. https://doi.org/10.3030/101045738

Villet, C. (2022). Foucault and Governmentality: Living to Work in the Age of Control. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 22(1), e2157527. https://doi.org/10.1080/20797222.2022.2157527

Weiskopf, R., & Hansen, H. K. (2023). Algorithmic governmentality and the space of ethics: Examples from ‘People Analytics.’ Human Relations, 76(3), 483–506. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267221075346

Whitehead, M., & Collier, W. G. A. (2023). Incidental governmentality: Big tech and the hidden rationalities of government. Digital Geography and Society, 5, 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diggeo.2023.100071

Yasih, D. W. P. (2023). Normalizing and Resisting the New Precarity: A Case Study of the Indonesian Gig Economy. Critical Sociology, 49(4–5), 847–863. https://doi.org/10.1177/08969205221087130

Zanoni, P., & Miszczyński, M. (2024). Post-Diversity, Precarious Work for All: Unmaking borders to govern labour in the Amazon warehouse. Organization Studies, 45(7), 987–1008. https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406231191336

Zeng, J., & Kaye, D. B. V. (2022). From content moderation to visibility moderation: A case study of platform governance on TikTok. Policy & Internet, 14(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.287

Zhang, L., Yang, J., Zhang, Y., & Xu, G. (2023). Gig worker’s perceived algorithmic management, stress appraisal, and destructive deviant behavior. PLOS ONE, 18(11), e0294074. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294074

Zou, S. (2021). Disenchanting Trust: Instrumental Reason, Algorithmic Governance, and China’s Emerging Social Credit System. Media and Communication, 9(2), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i2.3806

Zuboff, S. (2019). Surveillance Capitalism and the Challenge of Collective Action. New Labor Forum, 28(1), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1095796018819461

Published

2026-08-01

How to Cite

Muchtar, M. S. M., & Riani, Y. A. (2026). Communicating Digital Creative Labour under Algorithmic Governance in Platform Economies. Jurnal The Messenger, 18(1), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v18i1.12408