Electoral Court sebagai Reformasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Pemilu di Indonesia 92 50
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v9i4.14408Keywords:
Efektivitas, Electoral Court, Gakkumdu, Sengketa PemiluAbstract
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of electoral dispute resolution in Indonesia and formulate an Electoral Court design as an institutional reform within the electoral justice system. The study employs normative and empirical legal methods using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, complemented by interviews with the Semarang City Bawaslu concerning electoral violations during the 2024 Simultaneous Regional Elections. The findings demonstrate that electoral dispute resolution remains fragmented due to the distribution of authority among Bawaslu, DKPP, Gakkumdu, general courts, Administrative Courts, and the Constitutional Court, compounded by time constraints, divergent interpretations, weak coordination, and evidentiary difficulties. Comparison with Brazil and Uruguay demonstrates the importance of adjudicative integration, institutional independence, legitimacy, and institutional certainty in strengthening electoral justice. The novelty of this study lies in proposing an Indonesian Electoral Court model that integrates a normative evaluation of the entire electoral dispute-resolution regime, empirical findings from Gakkumdu, and comparative lessons while preserving the constitutional jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court. The proposed model is designed as a specialized judiciary with integrated electoral jurisdiction and procedural rules to strengthen legal certainty, dispute-resolution effectiveness, and the protection of electoral rights.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa pemilu di Indonesia dan merumuskan desain Electoral Court sebagai reformasi kelembagaan dalam sistem electoral justice. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dan empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan hukum, serta wawancara dengan Bawaslu Kota Semarang terkait penanganan pelanggaran pada Pilkada Serentak 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa pemilu belum terintegrasi akibat fragmentasi kewenangan antara Bawaslu, DKPP, Gakkumdu, peradilan umum, Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara, dan Mahkamah Konstitusi, yang diperkuat oleh keterbatasan waktu, perbedaan interpretasi, lemahnya koordinasi, dan kendala pembuktian. Perbandingan dengan Brasil dan Uruguay menunjukkan pentingnya integrasi kewenangan adjudikatif, independensi, legitimasi, dan kepastian kelembagaan dalam memperkuat electoral justice. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada perumusan model Electoral Court Indonesia yang mengintegrasikan evaluasi normatif seluruh rezim penyelesaian sengketa, temuan empiris Gakkumdu, dan pembelajaran komparatif dengan tetap mempertahankan kewenangan konstitusional Mahkamah Konstitusi. Model tersebut diarahkan sebagai peradilan khusus dengan kompetensi dan hukum acara kepemiluan yang terintegrasi untuk memperkuat kepastian hukum, efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa, dan perlindungan hak elektoral.
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