Implications of The Use of Artificial Intelligence in The Formulation of Local Regulations by The Ternate City Regional Representative Council

Salha Marasaoly; Andika Adhyaksa; Rahmat Rahmat

doi:10.26623/julr.v9i4.14189

Authors

Salha Marasaoly Faculty of Law, Khairun University
Andika Adhyaksa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Khairun
Rahmat Rahmat Faculty of Law, Khairun University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v9i4.14189

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Local Regulations, Regional Representative Council

Abstract

This study aims to examine the implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) utilization in the formulation of local regulations in Ternate City, particularly its effects on legal certainty, public participation, and the accommodation of pluralistic local legal values. The increasing integration of AI into legislative processes offers potential gains in regulatory efficiency and analytical capacity, but its dependence on digitized data raises concerns regarding algorithmic bias, accountability, and the representation of unwritten customary norms. Employing an empirical socio-legal research design with a qualitative approach, this study combines legislative and conceptual approaches with empirical data obtained through semi-structured interviews with relevant key informants and analysis of legal and documentary materials. Data credibility was strengthened through source triangulation, while the data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings demonstrate that AI can support regulatory mapping, legislative drafting, comparative analysis, documentation, and final-text verification, but cannot replace human deliberation, legal judgment, and participatory decision-making. AI-generated legal hallucinations, algorithmic bias, limited transparency, and the absence of digitized local customary knowledge may undermine legal certainty and marginalize locally embedded legal values. The principal novelty of this study is the conceptualization of “Digital Extinction of Living Law” as a risk arising from excessive reliance on AI-generated legal outputs. To address this risk, the study proposes a human-centered AI model that positions AI as an assistive instrument subject to continuous human oversight, data provenance, verification, and meaningful public participation, thereby integrating technological efficiency with legal pluralism, democratic legitimacy, and the preservation of living law.

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