Legal Implications of Mixed Marriage Annulment on Nominee Agreement Land Ownership Schemes

Dedy Simanungkalit; Rachmaliani Rofiqoh; Shinta Pangesti

doi:10.26623/julr.v9i3.14115

Authors

Dedy Simanungkalit Universitas Pelita Harapan https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3436-491X
Rachmaliani Rofiqoh Universitas Pelita Harapan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9248-3780
Shinta Pangesti Universitas Pelita Harapan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5804-1403

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v9i3.14115

Keywords:

Land Rights, Legal Circumvention, Marriage Annulment, Nominee Agreement

Abstract

This study examines the normative tension between marriage law and agrarian law in determining the legal status of land acquired in mixed marriages that are subsequently annulled. The urgency of this research arises from the normative gap regarding the status of joint property after annulment and the use of nominee agreements to circumvent restrictions on foreign land ownership under Indonesian agrarian law. Previous studies have generally discussed marriage annulment, joint property, or nominee arrangements separately, without integrating marriage law, agrarian law, and contract law into a single analytical framework. This research employs normative juridical methods using statutory and case approaches through the analysis of legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The novelty of this study lies in the integrated doctrinal framework that positions marriage annulment as an entry point for courts to identify legal circumvention and reassess contractual structures related to land control by foreign nationals. The findings reveal that land acquired through nominee arrangements cannot be classified as joint marital property because agrarian law restrictions prevail over private contractual arrangements. Nominee agreements are null and void due to unlawful causa, while financial contributions by foreign nationals do not create proprietary rights over land. This study concludes that marriage annulment functions not only to invalidate marital status but also to restore compliance with agrarian law and prevent disguised foreign land control.

References

Agliam, Dorothy Grace, Katrina Lei Bongolto, Gabrielle Rigel Pobeda, Princess Jennielle Vega, and Mc Rollyn D. Vallespin. “A Comprehensive Literature Review of Marital Dissolution in the Philippines: Legal, Socio-Cultural, and Feasibility Perspectives.” International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 07, no. 05 (2024): 2596–2603. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v7-i5-19.

Agustina, Ajeng Ana, and Farida Nurun Nazah. “Status Hukum Hak Kepemilikan Atas Tanah Oleh WNA Akibat Perjanjian Nominee Dengan WNI (Studi Putusan Nomor 144/Pdt/2021/Pt.Dps).” Jurnal Media Hukum 10, no. 1 (2025): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.59414/jmh.v13i2.1023.

Amir, Nabbilah, Hadi Subhan, Urip Santoso, Sri Winarsih, and Ghansam Anand. “Regulating the Space Above Land in Indonesia: Toward a Business Law-Based Framework for Legal Certainty and Vertical Development.” Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Bonum Commune 9, no. 1 (2026): 63–82. https://doi.org/10.30996/jhbbc.v9i1.132400.

Arifin, Zaenal, Diah Sulistiyani, Reiska Hendristianto, and Miftah Arifin. “Keabsahan Dan Perlindungan Hukum Perjanjian Kemitraan Jasa Konstruksi.” Jurnal USM Law Review 6, no. 1 (2023): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v6i1.6095.

Black, Henry Campbell. Black’s Law Dictionary. West Publishing Co. 4th ed. St. Paul, Minnesota, 1968.

Dharma, Kadek Ramdhana Wija, I Nyoman Putu Budiartha, and Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti. “Larangan Penguasaan Tanah Oleh WNA Melalui Perjanjian Nominee.” Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 3, no. 2 (2022): 246–51. https://doi.org/10.55637/jkh.3.2.4806.246-251.

Fathoni, M. Yazid, Adi Sulistiyono, and Lego Karjok. “Reformulation of Sale And Purchase Agreement Regulations in Creating Legal Certainty and Justice in The Transfer of Land Rights in Indonesia.” Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan 12, no. 1 (2024): 55–67. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v12i1.1351.

Firmansyah, Arif, Lina Jamilah, and Irawati. “The Concept of Protection of Land Rights Certificate Holders in Realizing Legal Certainty.” Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 12, no. 1 (2025): 58–71.

Foza, Yerry Andro, Enang Suyatna, Suhibbullah Suhibbullah, Rizal Tahsin, and Azwar Hanas. “Pembatalan Perkawinan Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia: Analisis Regulasi, Faktor Penyebab, Dan Dampaknya.” An-Nisa: Journal of Islamic Family Law 2, no. 2 (2025): 127–37. https://doi.org/10.63142/an-nisa.v2i2.207.

Hariyadi, Achmad, and Rusdianto Sesung. “Keabsahan Kepemilikan Tanah Yang Diperoleh Berdasarkan Perjanjian Nominee Antar Sesama Warga Negara Indonesia.” Jurnal Selat 9, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.31629/selat.v9i1.4348.

Harsono, Boedi. Hukum Agraria Indonesia: Himpunan Peraturan-Peraturan Hukum Tanah. 17th ed. Jakarta: CV Teruna Grafica, 2006.

Hermawan, Gilang Fitri. “Akibat Hukum Pembatalan Perkawinan Terhadap Pembagian Harta Bersama.” Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, 2023.

Intihani, Siti Nur. “Pembatalan Perkawinan Dan Pelaksanaannya Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Jurisdictie, 2024, 84–98. https://doi.org/10.34005/jhj.v6i1.168.

Ismanto, Barry Aliyyu Nissa. “Division of Joint Property Based on Contributions Coherent With the Principles of Marriage Law.” TALREV 10, no. 2 (2025): 173–80.

Istirahat, Ihat. “Rekonstruksi Peran Hakim Dalam Mewujudkan Keadilan Substantif Di Pengadilan Indonesia.” Yudhistira: Jurnal Yurisprudensi, Hukum Dan Peradilan 1, no. 2 (2023): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.59966/yudhistira.v1i2.1704.

Karina, Ica, and Jupri Wandy Banjarnahor. “Cancellation of Marriage and Its Legal Consequences in the Legal System in Indonesia.” Anayasa: Journal of Legal Studies 1, no. 1 (2023): 41–57. https://doi.org/10.61397/ays.v1i1.99.

Khoirunnisa, Saskia Fazrin, and Elan Jaelani. “Tanggung Jawab Notaris Atas Kepemilikan Tanah WNA Berdasarkan Perjanjian Dengan Subjek Hukum WNI.” Court Review: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–11.

Kosasih, Johannes Ibrahim. “Alih Sewa Kepada Pihak Ketiga Sebagai Klausula Pembatalan Land Lease Agreement (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor: 1616/K/PDT/2018).” In Liber Amicorum Bayu Seto Hardjowahono: Antologi Pemikiran Tentang Pengintegrasian Hukum Perdata Internasional Ke Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia, edited by Ida Susanti and Elly Erawaty, 247–66. Bandung: Unpar Press, 2024.

Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. “Summary Laporan Tahunan Mahkamah Agung RI.” Accessed February 14, 2026. https://www.mahkamahagung.go.id/id/summary-laporan-tahunan-mahkamah-agung-ri.

Maulia, Erica Indah, and Irwan Triadi. “Dinamika Pemikiran Hukum Dalam Praktik Peradilan Indonesia.” Jurnal Cendekia Hukum Indonesia 1, no. 2 (2025): 799–808. https://doi.org/10.71417/jchi.v1i2.76.

Molnár, Sarolta. “Marriage Invalidity – A Comparison of English and Hungarian Rules.” Review of European and Comparative Law 59, no. 4 (2024): 7–26. https://doi.org/10.31743/recl.17458.

Nurunnisa, Rahmida Erliyani, Gilang Fitri Hermawan, and Yehia Mohamed Mostafa Abdelhadi. “Implications of Annulment of Marriage on the Distribution of Joint Assets According to the Compilation of Islamic Law and National Law.” Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran 23, no. 1 (2023): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v23i1.8611.

Pangesti, Shinta, and Prilly Priscilia Sahetapy. “Pendaftaran Hak Tanggungan Sebelum dan Setelah Berlakunya Peraturan Menteri Agraria/Kepala BPN Nomor 5 Tahun 2020.” Tunas Agraria 6, no. 2 (2023): 71–92. https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v6i2.216.

Putri, Pricillia. “Analisis Akibat Pembatalan Perkawinan Sedarah Terhadap Harta Bersama Dan Kedudukan Anak (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Agama Lubuklinggau Nomor 80/PDT.G/2017/PA.LLG).” Indonesian Notary 4 (2022). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/notary/vol4/iss1/41.

Republik Indonesia. Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (n.d.).

———. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 18 Tahun 2021 tentang Hak Pengelolaan, Hak atas Tanah, Satuan Rumah Susun, dan Pendaftaran Tanah (n.d.).

———. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1975 tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan (n.d.).

———. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (n.d.).

———. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan (n.d.).

———. Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan (n.d.).

———. Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria (n.d.).

Simanungkalit, Dedy, and Vanny Vanny. “Misreading the Court Decision: Reflecting on Constitutional Interpretation In Nusantara Capital Law Formation.” Jurnal Ius Constituendum 10, no. 3 (2025): 432–52. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v10i3.12531.

Simaremare, Norayanti, Pristika Handayani, and Dwi Afni Maileni. “Tantangan Perkawinan Beda Negara:Suatu Kajian Komparatif Hukum Indonesia Dan Hukum Perdata Internasional.” Jurnal USM Law Review Law Review 8, no. 3 (2025): 1485–1505. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v8i3.12565.

Sugianto, Fajar. Teori Dan Praktik Perancangan Kontrak. Edited by Robertus Ari. 1st ed. Yogyakarta: Penerbit ANDI, 2023.

Sumardjono, Maria S. W. Kebijakan Pertanahan: Antara Regulasi Dan Implementasi. Jakarta: Kompas, 2009.

Susanto, I Made Herman, Dani Lukmito Utomo, Wehelmina Linda Herlophina Dethan, Ni Luh Putu Ari Saptarini Widiastuti, and Ni Ketut Sriati. “Zona Khusus Kepemilikan Asing Dan Restrukturisasi Kebijakan Pertanahan Untuk Pertumbuhan Investasi Dan Family Office Di Indonesia : Tinjauan Integratif Dan Analisis Isi.” Tunas Agraria 9 (2026): 17–33. https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v9i1.514.

Utami, Safira Maharani Putri, and Siti Nurul Intan Sari Dalimunthe. “Penerapan Teori Keadilan Terhadap Pembagian Harta Bersama Pasca Perceraian.” Jurnal USM Law Review 6, no. 1 (2023): 433–47. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v6i1.6899.

Wijaya, Dody, and Wahyudi. “Implikasi Pembatalan Perkawinan Terhadap Status Dan Pembagian Harta Bersama Menurut Hukum Perdata Indonesia.” Dialog Legal 2, no. 1 (2026): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.64367/dialoglegal.v2i1.97.