Formalisasi Komunitas Pesisir Dan Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan: Studi Indonesia-Spanyol 39 30

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v9i4.13178

Keywords:

Kearifan Lokal, Komunitas Pesisir, Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan, Pluralisme Hukum

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the legal framework and local wisdom constraints in addressing coastal environmental crimes in Lingga Regency, while examining the feasibility of transforming coastal communities into autonomous hybrid public-law institutions through a comparison with the Cofradías de Pescadores in Spain. This issue matters because Indonesia’s coastal governance remains trapped in institutional fragmentation among state agencies, while at the community level local wisdom can only rely on verbal warnings without binding legal force, leaving a persistent gap between state law and customary law that allows coastal environmental crimes to recur without adequate resolution. The urgency of this article lies in the absence of an institutional framework capable of uniting the strength of local wisdom with autonomous formal legal authority. The article is designed as empirical legal research within a socio-legal approach, combining statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through focus group discussions, participatory observation, and document study across four islands in Lingga Regency. The novelty of this article lies in treating the Cofradías experience as a conceptual reference rather than an institutional template for reading the transformation opportunities of Indonesian coastal communities. The findings show that the strength of coastal institutions lies not in the volume of formal regulation but in the alignment between formal rules and lived practice in the field, so that strengthening coastal governance should focus on recognizing and institutionalizing existing community structures rather than creating new authorities that risk undermining legitimacy built from below.

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerangka hukum dan kendala kearifan lokal dalam penanganan tindak pidana lingkungan pesisir di Kabupaten Lingga, sekaligus mengkaji kelayakan transformasi komunitas pesisir menjadi institusi hibrida berbadan hukum publik otonom melalui perbandingan dengan Cofradías de Pescadores di Spanyol. Persoalan ini penting untuk dikaji karena tata kelola pesisir Indonesia masih terjebak dalam fragmentasi kewenangan antarlembaga negara, sementara di tingkat komunitas kearifan lokal hanya mampu bertahan pada mekanisme teguran verbal tanpa daya paksa hukum yang mengikat, sehingga celah antara hukum negara dan hukum adat terus membiarkan kejahatan lingkungan pesisir berulang tanpa penyelesaian yang memadai. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada belum adanya kerangka kelembagaan yang menyatukan kekuatan kearifan lokal dengan kewenangan hukum formal secara mandiri. Penelitian dirancang sebagai penelitian yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan socio-legal, memadukan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif, melalui focus group discussion, observasi partisipatif, dan studi dokumen di empat pulau Kabupaten Lingga. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penggunaan pengalaman Cofradías sebagai rujukan konseptual, bukan bentuk baku sebuah Lembaga, untuk membaca peluang transformasi komunitas pesisir Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan kelembagaan pesisir terletak pada keselarasan antara aturan formal dan praktik nyata di lapangan, sehingga penguatan tata kelola perlu diarahkan pada pengakuan dan pelembagaan struktur komunitas yang sudah ada, bukan menciptakan otoritas baru yang berisiko melemahkan legitimasi yang tumbuh dari bawah.

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2026-09-05

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How to Cite

Endri, E., Dian Mustika Intan, Efritadewi, A., & Widiyani, H. (2026). Formalisasi Komunitas Pesisir Dan Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan: Studi Indonesia-Spanyol. JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW, 9(4), 2224-2249. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v9i4.13178