Konflik Kewenangan BPSK dan Pengadilan Dalam Sengketa Pembiayaan Konsumen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v9i1.13012Keywords:
Konflik Kewenangan, Pengadilan Negeri, Sengketa Pembiayaan KonsumenAbstract
This study aims to analyze the Conflict of Authority between the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen/BPSK) and the District Court in resolving consumer financing disputes secured by fiduciary guarantees, with specific reference to Decision Number 62/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2024/PN Idm. The research is motivated by the need for fast, simple, and low-cost consumer dispute resolution, which in practice is often undermined by unclear jurisdictional boundaries, the dualism of decision finality and objection mechanisms, and the overlap between consumer protection norms and contractual default as well as fiduciary enforcement. This study employs a normative juridical method based on literature research using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, with qualitative analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials to assess normative consistency and the legal implications of the decision. The findings reveal that the classification of the dispute object is decisive in determining jurisdiction, where BPSK is appropriate when the dispute centers on violations of consumer protection norms in service provision and settlement procedures, provided that the chosen mechanism complies with the principle of voluntariness. Conversely, when the core issue concerns contractual default, interpretation of forum selection clauses, and the legality of fiduciary execution following constitutional review, the general court constitutes the proper forum. The study concludes that the absence of clear jurisdictional demarcation results in procedural inefficiency, increased costs, and delayed legal remedies, thereby diminishing the effectiveness of BPSK as an alternative dispute resolution body.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konflik kewenangan antara Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) dan pengadilan negeri dalam penyelesaian sengketa pembiayaan konsumen yang dijamin dengan fidusia, dengan menelaah Putusan Nomor 62/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2024/PN Idm. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen yang cepat, sederhana, dan berbiaya ringan, namun dalam praktiknya sering terkendala oleh ketidakjelasan batas yurisdiksi, dualisme sifat final putusan dan mekanisme keberatan, serta tumpang tindih antara norma perlindungan konsumen, wanprestasi kontraktual, dan eksekusi jaminan fidusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual, serta analisis kualitatif terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier untuk menilai konsistensi norma dan implikasi yuridis putusan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualifikasi objek sengketa menjadi faktor penentu kewenangan forum, di mana BPSK relevan apabila sengketa berfokus pada pelanggaran norma perlindungan konsumen dalam penyediaan jasa dan prosedur penyelesaian sengketa dengan tetap memenuhi prinsip kesukarelaan. Sebaliknya, apabila pokok perkara berkaitan dengan wanprestasi perjanjian, penafsiran klausula pilihan forum, dan legalitas eksekusi fidusia pasca koreksi konstitusional, maka pengadilan negeri merupakan forum yang tepat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketidakjelasan batas kewenangan tersebut menimbulkan proses berlapis, meningkatkan biaya, dan menunda pemulihan hak konsumen, sehingga melemahkan efektivitas BPSK sebagai lembaga penyelesaian sengketa alternatif.
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