Community-Based Restorative Justice for Offenders With Mental Disorders in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v8i3.12636Keywords:
Alternative Dispute Resolution, Criminal Responsibility, Restorative JusticeAbstract
This study analyzes the implementation of restorative justice in handling theft committed by individuals with mental disorders in rural Indonesia, focusing on its compatibility with human rights and social rehabilitation principles. The research was motivated by the recurring challenge of criminalizing mentally disordered offenders without adequate medical and social considerations, leading to ineffective deterrence and recurring offenses. Using a normative juridical method with a qualitative descriptive approach, the study examines statutory provisions, legal doctrines, and empirical practices involving the prosecution and correctional systems. The findings reveal that restorative justice offers an alternative framework that emphasizes accountability, rehabilitation, and social reintegration rather than punitive measures. However, its application remains inconsistent due to limited institutional understanding, a lack of coordination between law enforcement and mental health institutions, and inadequate legal infrastructure in rural areas. The novelty of this research lies in its integration of restorative justice with mental health protection as a model for humanizing criminal law enforcement. The study concludes that the restorative justice approach can effectively bridge the gap between criminal responsibility and medical treatment, thereby promoting a more humane, inclusive, and community-based justice system in Indonesia.
References
Adila, Ruby Nur, Ade Juniara, and Vensky Ghaniiyyu Putri Permana. “The Authority of the Republic of Indonesia Police (POLRI) in Handling Cases Based on Restorative Justice.” Articles. Jurnal USM Law Review 7, no. 3 (2024): 1065–79. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i3.8983.
Agus. “Dinsos Ambon Kembali Evakuasi Tiga ODGJ Dari Lokasi Berbeda.” Gakorpan News (Ambon), January 15, 2025. https://gakorpan.com/dinsos-ambon-kembali-evakuasi-tiga-odgj-dari-lokasi-berbeda/#google_vignette.
Ahjar, Irmawan, Basoddin Basoddin, and Niken Yulian Yusuf. “Upaya Pemerintah Terhadap Penanganan Tindak Pidana Yang Dilakukan Oleh Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa (ODGJ).” Sultra Law Review, 2023, 2670–85. https://jurnal-unsultra.ac.id/index.php/sulrev/article/view/1056.
Anam, Afdolul, and Masykurotus Syarifah. “Restorative Justice Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan Melalui Mediasi Kekeluargaan.” Iqtisodina 6, no. 2 (2023): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jih.2022.8.1.235.
Anggelina, Devina. “Penerapan Konsep Keadilan Restorative Justice Pada Korban Tindak Pidana Ringan.” Articles. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research 4, no. 1 (2024): 9191–201. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/5979.
Bitnara Sura Priambada. “Implementasi Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak Di Indonesia Dengan Pendekatan Restoratif.” Articles. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Dan Sosial Humaniora 3, no. 10 (2024): 861–72. https://mail.bajangjournal.com/index.php/JPDSH/article/view/8464.
Cakranegara, Muhammad, and Milda Istiqomah. “The Urgency Of Restorative Justice In Imposing Criminal Sanction Under Law Number 1 Of 2023 Concerning The Criminal Code And Law Number 8 Of 1981 Concerning Criminal Procedure Law Viewed From The Judge’s Perspective.” Articles. Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science 4, no. 02 (2024): 822–35. https://doi.org/10.63922/ajmesc.v4i02.783.
Darto, Afridus, Arief Syahrul Alam, and Fifin Dwi Purwaningtyas. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Pengidap Gangguan Kejiwaan Dalam Prespektif Hukum Pidana.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Wijaya Putra 1, no. 2 (2023): 257–64. https://doi.org/10.38156/jihwp.v1i2.128.
Elvariani, Risma, and Sidik Sunaryo. “Refleksi Moralitas Dalam Keadilan Restoratif Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana.” Articles. AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis 5, no. 3 (2025): 1275–86. https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v5i3.1525.
Eriksen, Siri H, Robyn Grøndahl, and Ann-Marit Sæbønes. “On CRDPs and CRPD: Why the Rights of People with Disabilities Are Crucial for Understanding Climate-Resilient Development Pathways.” The Lancet Planetary Health 5, no. 12 (2021): e929–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00233-3.
Fachrozy, Dicky, and Budi Sastra Panjaitan. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Penyakit Bipolar Dalam Penyebarluasan Tindak Pidana Pornografi.” Articles. Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam 5, no. 1 (2023): 657–648. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i1.2592.
Fahmi Ramadhan and H.R. Adianto Mardijono. “Kemampuan Bertanggung Jawab Orang Yang Mempunyai Gangguan Jiwa Akibat Melakukan Tindak Pidana Narkotika.” Harmonization: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Ilmu Hukum, Dan Ilmu Ekonom 1, no. 2 (2023). https://jurnal.erapublikasi.id/index.php/HN/article/view/309.
Ferdinandus Kila, I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha, and Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Tanpa Sifat Melawan Hukum Dalam Perspektif Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana.” Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 4, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.22225/jkh.4.1.6027.28-34.
Fikarudin, Wildan, and Ermania Widjajanti. “Efektivitas Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Ringan Pasca Peraturan Kejaksaan No. 15 Tahun 2020.” Articles. Al-Zayn : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum 3, no. 2 (2025): 298–310. https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i2.1010.
Hutahaean, Armunanto. “Penerapan Restorative Justice Oleh Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Untuk Mewujudkan Tujuan Hukum.” Jurnal Hukum To-Ra: Hukum Untuk Mengatur Dan Melindungi Masyarakat 8, no. 2 (2022): 140–48. https://doi.org/10.55809/tora.v8i2.119.
Jaenudin, Jaenudin, and Rasyida Rofi’atun Nisa. “Klasifikasi Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana Dengan Sistem Restorative Justice.” Articles. Journal of Mandalika Literature 6, no. 1 (2024): 552–63. https://doi.org/10.36312/jml.v6i1.3987.
Jzani, M. Rafsan. “The Effectiveness of Restorative Justice in Resolving Criminal Acts: Interaction Between Ocu Customary Law and Positive Law.” Articles. Jurnal Ius Constituendum 10, no. 3 (2025): 394–414. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v10i3.12234.
Laia, Fariaman. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup.” Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains 2, no. 4 (2021). https://doi.org/10.36418/jiss.v2i4.251.
Maulidianti, Liya. “Perlindungan Hukum Dokter Dalam Memberikan Visum Et Repertum Psikiatrikum Pada Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana.” Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 4, no. 3 (2023): 373–88.
Metrotv News (Malang). “Viral ODGJ Di Ampelgading Malang Bacok 8 Pengendara Motor.” January 2, 2025. https://www.metrotvnews.com/read/kqYCYVdx-viral-odgj-di-ampelgading-malang-bacok-8-pengendara-motor.
Muhaimin, Muhaimin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Mataram University Press, 2020.
Muljohadi, R Arif. “Pertanggung Jawaban Pidana Oleh Pelaku Yang Mengalami Gangguan Kejiwaan Bipolar Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam Dan Pasal 44 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana.” The Jure: Journal of Islamic Law 1, no. 1 (2023): 14–22. https://journal.iaisyaichona.ac.id/index.php/the_jure/article/view/70.
Murdiyambroto, Debi Triyani. “Penyelesaian Kasus Tersangka Odgj Melalui Restorative Justice.” Jurnal Impresi Indonesia 2, no. 9 (2023): 843–49. https://doi.org/10.58344/jii.v2i9.3505.
Najoan, Wiliam Aldo Caesar. “Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Pencurian Ringan Di Indonesia.” Lex Crimen 10, no. 5 (2021). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/lexcrimen/article/view/33427.
Nugroho, Fajar Seto, Anis Mashdurohatun, Bambang Tri Bawono, and Jamal Wiwoho. “The Concept of Law Enforcement of the Crime of Theft through a Restorative Justice Approach.” Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 6, no. 08 (2023): 408–23. https://doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2023.v06i08.005.
Nurul Qamar and Farah Syah Rezah. Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal Dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn), 2020.
Pangestu, Kevin Jerrick, I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha, and I GAA Gita Pritayanti Dinar. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Yang Mengalami Gangguan Jiwa.” Jurnal Analogi Hukum 4, no. 3 (2022): 293–98. https://doi.org/10.22225/ah.4.3.2022.293-298.
Pradea, Regina, Haryadi Haryadi, and Nys Arfa. “Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa (ODGJ) Sebagai Korban Tindak Pidana: Bagaimana Aturan Hukum Pidananya?” PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 5, no. 1 (2024): 1–13. https://mail.online-journal.unja.ac.id/Pampas/article/view/31794.
Pranawa, Burham, Ananda Megha Wiedhar Saputri, and Ikhsan Nurdiyanto. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap ODGJ Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan Yang Menyebabkan Kematian:(Studi Kasus Di Polsek Sambi Boyolali).” Jurnal Bedah Hukum 7, no. 2 (2023): 159–69. https://doi.org/10.36596/jbh.v7i2.1144.
Putri Yasin. “Legal Analysis Of The Problems Of Implementing Restorative Justice In Cases Of Sexual Violence.” Articles. Jurnal Hukum Sehasen 11, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.37676/jhs.v11i1.7585.
Rachman, Novita Ayu Nafisa, Malemna Sura Anabertha Sembiring, and I Made Kanthika. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Yang Dilakukan Oleh Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa.” Journal Scientific of Mandalika (JSM) e-ISSN 2745-5955| p-ISSN 2809-0543 6, no. 3 (2025): 722–31. https://doi.org/10.36312/10.36312/vol6iss3pp722-731.
Rinda Philona, and Awaludin Awaludin. “Constitutional Values and Restorative Justice: A Critical Analysis in the Indonesian Context.” Articles. KARSA Journal of Social and Islamic Culture 33, no. 1 (2025): 241–71. https://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/karsa/article/view/20264.
RRI News (Ampana). “Gangguan Jiwa Seringkali Picu Terjadinya Tindak Pidana.” February 26, 2025. https://www.rri.co.id/daerah/1351491/gangguan-jiwa-seringkali-picu-terjadinya-tindak-pidana.
Sagara, Putu Wisesa, Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi, and Luh Putu Suryani. “Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Yang Mengalami Gangguan Kejiwaan.” Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 4, no. 1 (2023): 118–24. https://doi.org/10.22225/jkh.4.1.6036.118-124.
Sejak 2014, Dinsos Jatim Bebaskan 1.594 ODGJ Dari Pasung. (Jawa Timur), January 15, 2025. https://jatim.antaranews.com/berita/869958/sejak-2014-dinsos-jatim-bebaskan-1594-odgj-dari-pasung.
Sigit Sapto Nugroho, Anik Tri Haryani, and Farkhani. Metodologi Riset Hukum. Oase Pustaka, 2020.
Sihombing, Lasmin Alfies. “Restorative Justice, Kejahatan, Hukuman, Dan Peradilan Pidana: Sebuah Analisis Kesejarahan, Peluang Dan Tantangan.” UNES Law Review 6, no. 3 (2024): 8902–11. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i3.1777.
Sofian, Ahmad. “Konsepsi Subjek Hukum Dan Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Artificial Intellegence.” Articles. Halu Oleo Law Review 9, no. 1 (2025): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.33561/holrev.v9i1.129.
Solikin, Nur. Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian Hukum. Qiara Media, 2021.
Syafrulian, Chiara Ayumi, Ella Rahayu, Yaniatul Rahmanti, M Alif Dzaky Al Fattah, and Dimas Dwi Arso. “Penerapan Keadilan Restoratif Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023.” Jurnal Inovasi Hukum 5, no. 4 (2024).
Syahroni, Teuku, Fauzie Yusuf Hasibuan, and Kristiawanto Kristiawanto. “Reconstruction of Minor Criminal Case Settlement By The Prosecutor’s Office Through Restorative Justice.” Asian Journal of Social and Humanities 3, no. 6 (2025): 1303–9. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v3i6.531.
Winaholisah, Winaholisah, and Romziatussaadah Romziatussaadah. “Tinjauan Fiqih Jinayah Terhadap Pemasungan Orang Dalam Gangguan Jiwa (Odgj).” Ta’zir: Jurnal Hukum Pidana 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.19109/tazir.v5i1.9234.
Wiranata, Ganda Arisandi, Yoyok Ucuk, Subekti, and Dudik Djaja Sidarta. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Phishing.” Hukum Pidana. Court Review: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum (e-ISSN: 2776-1916) 4, no. 02 (2024): 13–25. https://doi.org/10.69957/cr.v4i02.1503.
Yudi R. “Viral ODGJ Diamuk Massa Usai Tertangkap Mencuri Spion Mobil Di Sekitar Masjid Cintaraja Singaparna.” News Tasikmalaya.Com (Tasikmalaya), October 5, 2025. https://www.newstasikmalaya.com/viral-odgj-diamuk-massa-usai-tertangkap-mencuri-spion-mobil-di-sekitar-masjid-cintaraja-singaparna.
Yuliandari, Susi, Chomariyah Chomariyah, and Asmuni Asmuni. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Program Kesehatan Jiwa Di Puskesmas Dari Tindakan Kekerasan Oleh Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa.” Yustitiabelen 10, no. 2 (2024): 152–73. https://doi.org/10.36563/yustitiabelen.v10i2.1165.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The journal holds the copyright for each article published with work licensed simultaneously under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the authorship and early publication of the work in this journal.
Citedness in Scopus 
