BAGAIMANA INOVASI GAGAL: PEMBELAJARAN DARI KLASTER INDUSTRI SARUNG MAJALAYA
Abstract
Pentingnya peran inovasi dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi menekankan kebutuhan lokal dan wilayah untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang nyaman bagi perkembangan inovasi. Klaster industri, melalui kedekatan spasialnya menjanikan lingkungan yang dapat memelihara perkembangan inovasi. Namun, menggunakan kasus klaster industri Sarung Majalaya, dengan pendekatan deduktif dan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa kedekatan spasial bukan satu-satunya faktor yang mendorong terjadinya inovasi. Terdapat faktor-faktor non-fisik yang memiliki peran penting di dalam proses difusi pengetahuan, yaitu proses yang menghasilkan inovasi. Faktor tersebut adalah kemampuan dalam memperoleh, mengasimilasi, dan transformasi pengetahuan baru. Kemampuan tersebut mewakili kemampuan serap atau daya serap dalam proses difusi pengetahuan. Keterbatasan kemampuan individu, kolektif, dan lingkungan pada kapasitas tersebut menyebabkan proses difusi pengetahuan terhambat dan inovasi tidak berkembang di dalam klaster industri Sarung Majalaya. Sebagai pertimbangan kebijakan, mendorong inovasi dalam klaster dapat dilakukan melaui pengembangan infrastruktur, baik infrastruktur dasar serta infrastruktur di bidang penelitian dan pengembangan yang berkaitan dengan industri di dalamnya. Selain itu, adaptasi kolektif juga ternyata penting dalam proses difusi pengetahuan sehingga kapasitas sosial pelaku ekonomi di dalam kawasan perlu diderkuat.
The importance of innovation in driving economic growth emphasizes the need for local and regional to create a convenient environment for innovation development. Industrial cluster, through spatial proximity, promises the environment nurturing innovation. However, by using industrial klaster of Sarung Majalaya, incorporating a deductive approach and qualitative method, this study found that spatial proximity is not the only factor promoting innovation. There are non physical factors playing important role in a process named knowledge diffusion which creates innovation. They are the capacities of knowledge acquirement, knowledge assimilation, and knowledge transformation which represent the absortive capacity in knowledge diffusion. As a policy consideration, promoting innovation within cluster can be conducted by developing basic infrastructure as well as research and development infrastructure. Furthermore, collective adaptation also plays an important role in the process of knowledge diffusion hence social capacity in the cluster should be strengthened.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/ijsp.v1i2.2972
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