WIND-POWERED AGRICULTURE: ENHANCING CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY IN ARID REGIONS
Abstract
Over an extended duration, small-scale farmers have been contending with the persistent issue of electricity scarcity, which adversely affects crop production, particularly during dry seasons. The dependence on generators, despite being expensive and environmentally harmful due to oil spillage and Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, remains a prevalent yet unsustainable solution. Wind energy emerges as a promising alternative with diverse benefits for farmers, addressing concerns related to irrigation, storage, and water management, ultimately leading to significant yield increases during dry periods. This study investigates the performance of a small-scale wind energy conversion system tailored for the irrigation needs of farmers in arid regions, focusing on Zaria Local Government, Kaduna State, Nigeria as a case study. Utilizing wind speed data from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET), the system's electrical parameters, including voltage, current, frequency, and power, were analyzed to assess fluctuations resulting from wind speed variations. Results show significant variability in electrical parameters: wind speed ranged from 3.10 m/s to 9.83 m/s, resulting in fluctuations in generated voltage (98 volts to 250 volts), current (51 amps to 103 amps), frequency (39 Hz to 65 Hz), and power (5.1 kW to 20.6 kW). Converter systems were found effective in stabilizing output for grid integration: the AC/DC converter converted fluctuating AC signals into stable DC output (200 volts, 93 amps), while the subsequent DC/AC inverter produced non-fluctuating AC output (voltage: 200 volts, current: 92 amps, frequency: 50 Hz, power: 18.3 kW). These findings emphasize feasibility of implementing wind energy solutions in remote agricultural areas.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
(GWEC) Global Wind Energy Council, “Global Wind Report 2020.” https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2020/ (diakses Feb 20, 2024).
S. R. Bishop et al., "Development and Application of Wind Turbine Load Models: A Review," in Renewable Energy, vol. 161, 2020, pp. 82-104.
Daniel N. Rogers, John A. Smith, Emily K. Johnson, and Michael P. Brown, "Review of Wind Turbine Control Systems: Models, Methods, and Future Directions," IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1495-1511, 2020.
Carlos E. Diaz Rivas, Maria T. Garcia Lopez, Jose M. Martinez Ruiz, and Laura E. Rodriguez Gonzalez, "Modeling and Analysis of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines with Doubly Fed Induction Generators: A Review,"in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 129, 2020, p. 109906.
Martin V. Bladh, Johan H. Andersson, Anna K. Svensson, and Erik J. Nilsson, "A Critical Review of Wind Turbine Bearing Failures and Lessons Learned from Failure Analysis Methods," in Wind Energy, vol. 22, no. 1, 2019, pp. 18-35.
Yolanda G. Velazquez, Maria J. Hernandez, Juan C. Lopez, and Ana M. Martinez, "Review of State-of-the-Art Methods for Long-Term Wind Resource Assessment," in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 54, 2016, pp. 190-203.
Mesfin A. V. Negeri, Tewodros D. Kifle, Samuel B. Abegaz, and Getachew M. Woldeyohannes, "Advances and Perspectives in Structural Health Monitoring of Wind Turbines: A Review," in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 138, 2021, p. 110546.
Ana V. Lopes de Oliveira, Paulo R. da Silva, Andre F. de Almeida, and Mariana S. Pereira, "A Review of Methods and Models for Wind Speed and Power Forecasting in Wind Farms," in Applied Energy, vol. 272, 2020, p. 115329.
John J. G. Bremer, Anna L. K. Hansen and Michael P. Brown, "Review of Wind Turbine Drivetrain Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis," in Renewable Energy, vol. 164, 2021, pp. 740-753.
Ankit K. Misra, Maria T. Garcia Lopez, Carlos E. and Diaz Rivas, "Modeling and Analysis of Wind Turbine Systems: A Review," in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 79, 2017, pp. 721-737.
Markus Braun, Julia M. Schmidt, and Martin V. Bladh, "Digital Twin-Based Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance of Wind Turbines: A Review," in Energies, vol. 13, no. 5, 2020, p. 1248.
Niels Troldborg, Johan H. Andersson, and Anna K. Svensson, "Computational Fluid Dynamics for Wind Energy Applications: Progress and Challenges," Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol. 135, pp. 42-75, 2015.
Hao Zhang, Yujie Xue and Zhiqiang Zhu, "Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Wind Turbine Technology," Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 11, p. 2344, 2019.
Jonkman, J. M., S. Butterfield and W. Musial, "Definition of a 5-MW Reference Wind Turbine for Offshore System Development," NREL Technical Report No. NREL/TP-500-38060, 2009.
Jonas N. Sørensen, "Generalized Aerodynamic and Mechanical Models for Aeroelastic Simulations of Wind Turbines," Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, 2011.
Torben K. Rasmussen, Mathias V. Petersen and Kristian K. Kristensen, "Wind Turbine Model Predictive Control with Load Reduction," in American Control Conference (ACC), 2012, pp. 2440-2445.
Zhengyi Ma, Xiaoyu Zhao and Zhaoyu Zhou, "Digital Twin Technology for Wind Turbines: A Review," in Renewable Energy, vol. 179, 2021, pp. 1269-1284.
Andrzej Kusiak, "Modeling of Wind Turbines," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 231-239, 2015.
Henrik A. Madsen, Morten L. Pedersen and Anna K. Svensson, "Advances in Wind Turbine Aerodynamics: From Fundamental Modeling to Field-Scale Simulation," in Renewable Energy, vol. 178, 2021, pp. 823-841.
Luiz A. V. Oliveira, Carlos E. Diaz Rivas and Ana V. Lopes de Oliveira, "State of the Art in Wind Turbine Modeling: Challenges and Perspectives," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 271, p. 123034, 2020.
Samuel R. Bishop, Michael A. Thompson and Emily J. Roberts, "Development and Application of Wind Turbine Load Models: A Review," in Renewable Energy, vol. 161, 2020, pp. 82-104.
Daniel N. Rogers, John A. Smith and Emily K. Johnson, "Review of Wind Turbine Control Systems: Models, Methods, and Future Directions," IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1495-1511, 2020.
Carlos E. Diaz Rivas, Maria T. Garcia Lopez and Jose M. Martinez Ruiz, "Modeling and Analysis of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines with Doubly Fed Induction Generators: A Review," in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 129, 2020, p. 109906.
Martin V. Bladh, Johan H. Andersson and Anna K. Svensson, "A Critical Review of Wind Turbine Bearing Failures and Lessons Learned from Failure Analysis Methods," in Wind Energy, vol. 22, no. 1, 2019, pp. 18-35.
Yolanda G. Velazquez, Maria J. Hernandez and Juan C. Lopez, "Review of State-of-the-Art Methods for Long-Term Wind Resource Assessment," in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 54, 2016, pp. 190-203.
Mesfin A. V. Negeri, Tewodros D. Kifle, and Samuel B. Abegaz, "Advances and Perspectives in Structural Health Monitoring of Wind Turbines: A Review," in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 138, 2021, p. 110546.
Ana V. Lopes de Oliveira, Paulo R. da Silva and Andre F. de Almeida, "A Review of Methods and Models for Wind Speed and Power Forecasting in Wind Farms," in Applied Energy, vol. 272, 2020, p. 115329.
John J. G. Bremer, Anna L. K. Hansen and Michael P. Brown, "Review of Wind Turbine Drivetrain Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis," in Renewable Energy, vol. 164, 2021, pp. 740-753.
Alok A. D. Sanghavi, Priti A. Patel and Nisha H. Shah, "Review of Advanced Control Strategies for Wind Turbines," in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 135, 2020, p. 110180.
Matthew P. A. Tavner, Peter J. Wan and Anand V. Natarajan, "Review of Reliability Prediction Methods for Wind Turbines," in Wind Energy, vol. 20, no. 4, 2017, pp. 613-628.
Teymouri, T. A. N., John M. Smith, and Laura E. Rodriguez Gonzalez, "Advances and Perspectives in Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbines: A Review," in Renewable Energy, vol. 166, 2021, pp. 565-581.
Nguyen, P. E. K., Anna L. K. Hansen and Michael A. Thompson, "Review of Wind Turbine Gearbox Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis," in Renewable Energy, vol. 153, 2020, pp. 155-169.
Ogbaisi, Samuel, "Small and Medium Scale Enterprises for Sustainable Development in Nigeria." 2022.
Akaraka, Christian, "Modelling and Assessment of Renewable Energy Systems for Remote Rural Areas in Nigeria," Thesis submitted to the School of Science, 2018.
Garba, Adamu D., and Mohammed Al-amin, "Assessment of Wind Energy Alternative in Nigeria from the Lessons of the Katsina Wind Farm," vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 91–95, 2014.
Ezugwu, Chukwunonso N., "Renewable Energy Resources in Nigeria: Sources, Problems and Prospects," J. Clean Energy Technol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 68–71, 2015.
Aliyu, Abdulrahman S., James O. Dada, and Ibrahim K. Adam, "Current status and future prospects of renewable energy in Nigeria," in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 48, 2015, pp. 336–346.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/elektrika.v16i1.8999
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.