Analisis Perekrutan Tentara Usia Anak sebagai Kejahatan Perang Berdasarkan Konvensi Hak Anak 2 2

Abstract

Abstrak

Perekrutan tentara usia anak merupakan pelanggaran serius terhadap hukum internasional dan hak asasi manusia, khususnya dalam konflik bersenjata di Republik Demokratik Kongo. Praktik ini bertentangan dengan prinsip perlindungan anak sebagaimana diatur dalam Konvensi Hak Anak dan instrumen hukum humaniter internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan perekrutan tentara usia anak di Republik Demokratik Kongo berdasarkan Konvensi Hak Anak serta mengkaji kontribusi organisasi internasional dalam penanganan dampak perekrutan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang undangan dan konseptual melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap instrumen hukum internasional, doktrin, dan laporan organisasi internasional. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa praktik perekrutan tentara usia anak di Republik Demokratik Kongo masih berlangsung akibat konflik berkepanjangan, lemahnya penegakan hukum, dan dominasi kelompok bersenjata non negara. Temuan penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara standar perlindungan anak secara internasional dan implementasinya di tingkat nasional. Kontribusi organisasi internasional seperti UNICEF, MONUSCO, Save the Children, ICRC, dan Human Rights Watch memiliki peran penting dalam upaya pencegahan, demobilisasi, rehabilitasi, serta advokasi pertanggungjawaban hukum. Penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya penguatan mekanisme akuntabilitas dan kerja sama internasional yang berkelanjutan untuk menghapus praktik perekrutan tentara usia anak.

Kata Kunci: Tentara Usia Anak; Kejahatan Perang; Konvensi Hak Anak. 

Abstract

The recruitment of child soldiers constitutes a serious violation of international law and human rights, particularly in the context of armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This practice contravenes the principles of child protection as outlined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and international humanitarian law instruments. This study aims to analyze the policies regarding the recruitment of child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child and to examine the contributions of international organizations in addressing the impacts of such recruitment. The research method employed is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, through library studies of international legal instruments, doctrines, and reports from international organizations. The discussion results indicate that the practice of recruiting child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo continues due to prolonged conflict, weak law enforcement, and the dominance of armed groups. Research findings also indicate a gap between international child protection standards and their implementation at the national level. The contributions of international organizations such as UNICEF, MONUSCO, Save the Children, ICRC, and Human Rights Watch play an important role in prevention, demobilization, rehabilitation, as well as advocacy for legal accountability. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen accountability mechanisms and ongoing international cooperation to eliminate the practice of recruiting child soldiers.

Keywords: Child Soldiers; War Crimes; Convention on the Rights of the Child.