JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW
type: channel
description: Jurnal USM Law Review (JULR) is an open-access, double-masked, peer-reviewed law journal published by Magister Hukum Universitas Semarang. Jurnal USM Law Review (JULR), has adopted a quarterly publication schedule, with issues published in March, June, September, December (since Volume 9 2026), has been indexed SINTA 3 (Accredited by the Directorate General of Research and Development of the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia Number 79/E/ KPT/2023). It primarily aims to facilitate scholarly and professional discussions of current legal developments in Indonesia and to publish innovative legal research on Indonesian laws and the legal system. The focus and scope of this journal encompass legal problems in Criminal Law, Civil Law, Constitutional Law, International Law, Administrative Law, Islamic Law, Business Law, Medical Law, Environmental Law, Adat Law, Agrarian Law, and Legal Philosophy. Registered as a member of the Crossref system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.26623. All articles will have a DOI number. Online Submissions Already have a Username/Password for Jurnal USM Law Review? GO TO LOGIN <a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2621-4105?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22filtered%22%3A%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222621-4105%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22query%22%3A%7B%22match_all%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%7D" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Need a Username/Password? GO TO REGISTER
publisher: Universitas Semarang
language: en
publication name: JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW
issn: 2621-4105
copyright: The journal holds the copyright for each article published with work licensed simultaneously under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the authorship and early publication of the work in this journal.
items: Perlindungan Hukum Peralihan Hak Tanah dalam Kawasan Ibu Kota Nusantara
items: Reconstructing PMN Accountability in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprise Governance
items: Pengawasan Digital Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dalam Sistem Self Assessment
items: Reformulasi Rehabilitasi Narkotika Berbasis Melatonin dalam Sistem Hukum Kesehatan Indonesia
items: Overlapping Authority dalam Penegakan Hukum Korupsi: Studi Perbandingan Indonesia, Singapura, dan Hong Kong
items: Rekonstruksi Asas Iktikad Baik dalam Alokasi Risiko Kontrak Energi
items: Rechterlijk Pardon dalam KUHP Nasional: Batas Diskresi dan Kepastian Hukum
items: Legal Protection for MSMEs Against Fictitious Orders in ShopeeFood
items: Konflik Norma Pemanggilan Notaris dalam Perkara Pidana Perpajakan
items: Perbandingan Kepastian Hukum Kepemilikan Rumah Susun di Indonesia dan Singapura
items: Perlindungan Hukum Kerja Lembur dalam Hubungan Industrial di Kota Batam
items: Penyelesaian Wanprestasi dalam Hubungan Kontraktual Wedding Organizer dan Vendor
items: Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi atas Kontaminasi Celsium 137: Analisis Strict Liability di Cikande
items: Keabsahan Emas Digital pada Platform DANA dalam Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam
items: Criminal Liability in Abortion Cases: Participation Doctrine under Indonesia’s New Penal Code
items: Penyelesaian Sengketa Hak Cipta Lagu Nuansa Bening Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta
items: Kedudukan Royalti Hak Cipta sebagai Harta Bersama Pasca Perceraian
items: Substantive Transparency of Judicial Review Decisions in Digital Constitutional Platforms
items: Konstruksi Hubungan Hukum dalam Kontrak Elektronik Ojek Online dan Perlindungan Konsumen
items: Kewenangan Hukum Pemadam Kebakaran dalam Penanganan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan
items: Klausula Hak Cipta dalam Kontrak Baku Jasa Fotografi Panggung
items: Pertanggungjawaban Pelaku Usaha atas Produk Cacat dalam Hukum Konsumen
items: Relationship Between Hospitals And Doctors Based On The Principle Of Justice
items: Regulasi Pelaksana Pajak Karbon dalam MendukungTarget Nationally Determined Contribution Indonesia
items: A Socio-Legal Model of Local Wisdom-Based Child Protection in Sexual Violence Cases
items: Humor Seksis sebagai Kekerasan Non-Fisik: Pendekatan Dampak Korban dalam UU TPKS
items: Legal Implications of Mixed Marriage Annulment on Nominee Agreement Land Ownership Schemes
items: Konstitusionalitas Program Makan Bergizi Gratis Terhadap Hak Pendidikan Dasar
items: Kedudukan dan Pemenuhan Hak Kreditur Pemegang Hak Tanggungan Dalam Proses Kepailitan Debitur
items: Korupsi Pengadaan Base Transceiver Station 4G dan Dampak Sosial Ekonomi di Indonesia

Perlindungan Hukum Peralihan Hak Tanah dalam Kawasan Ibu Kota Nusantara
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the regulation of land sale and purchase following the establishment of the Nusantara Capital City and the legal protection afforded to parties in the implementation of land rights transfer approval. The study is prompted by changes in the land transfer mechanism requiring prior approval from the Nusantara Capital Authority as a land control instrument, creating legal uncertainty for sellers, buyers, and Notaries/Land Deed Officials (PPAT). Previous studies mainly examined land control policies and the authority of Notaries/PPAT without addressing the relationship between the approval mechanism and legal protection for parties acting in good faith. This research employs a normative legal method supported by empirical data using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The novelty of this study lies in analyzing the relationship between the approval mechanism of the Nusantara Capital Authority and the effectiveness of legal protection in land sale transactions. The findings indicate that the approval mechanism constitutes a legitimate administrative restriction based on the State's Right to Control Land doctrine. However, its implementation has not fully ensured legal certainty due to inconsistent procedures, administrative requirements, processing timeframes, and institutional coordination. Strengthening the governance of the approval mechanism is therefore essential to ensure legal certainty and legal protection. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaturan jual beli tanah setelah penetapan Ibu Kota Nusantara serta perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak dalam pelaksanaan persetujuan pengalihan hak atas tanah. Urgensi penelitian berangkat dari perubahan mekanisme peralihan hak yang mensyaratkan persetujuan Otorita Ibu Kota Nusantara sebagai instrumen pengendalian pertanahan sehingga memengaruhi kepastian hukum bagi penjual, pembeli, dan Notaris/Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT). Penelitian terdahulu lebih banyak membahas pengendalian pe…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ibu Kota Nusantara
  topic: keywords
subject: Jual Beli Tanah
  topic: keywords
subject: Perlindungan Hukum
  topic: keywords
creator: Jihan Jawahir Nasution
creator: Amad Sudiro
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-09
publication date: 2026-07-09
starting page: 2165
ending page: 2183
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14699

Reconstructing PMN Accountability in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprise Governance
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the legal status of State Capital Participation (Penyertaan Modal Negara—PMN) granted to PT Permodalan Nasional Madani (PT PNM) and to formulate an integrated accountability framework capable of reconciling the normative conflict between state finance law and corporate law in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). Existing studies have predominantly examined PMN from economic, asset management, or criminal law perspectives, leaving unresolved the legal uncertainty concerning separated state assets, directors’ liability, and the relationship between constitutional accountability and corporate governance. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, with legal materials analyzed through doctrinal reasoning and systematic legal interpretation. The findings reveal that PMN should be understood as a hybrid legal institution that constitutionally remains part of state finance while being operationally managed under corporate governance principles, including separate legal personality, fiduciary duty, and the Business Judgment Rule. The novelty of this study lies in the formulation of a hybrid accountability framework integrating administrative accountability, fiduciary-based civil liability, and criminal liability as a proportional premium remedium, thereby establishing clear legal boundaries between legitimate business risk and unlawful management of state capital. This study contributes theoretically to the harmonization of state finance law and corporate governance, while providing a normative framework for strengthening legal certainty, regulatory coherence, and sustainable governance of Indonesian SOEs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: State Finance
  topic: keywords
subject: State Capital Participation
  topic: keywords
subject: SOEs
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Luthfi Ghifari
creator: Sukarmi Sukarmi
creator: Shinta Hadiyantina
creator: Djumikasih Djumikasih
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-27
publication date: 2026-06-27
starting page: 1953
ending page: 1971
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14609

Pengawasan Digital Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dalam Sistem Self Assessment
type: item
description: This study examines the effectiveness of digital taxpayer compliance monitoring within Indonesia’s self-assessment system under Minister of Finance Regulation Number 111 of 2025 and formulates strategies for strengthening digital tax supervision. The research is motivated by persistent taxpayer non-compliance, tax avoidance practices, and reporting inaccuracies amid the rapid digitalization of tax administration. Using a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, comparative, and socio-legal approaches, this study analyzes the legal framework governing digital tax supervision. The findings indicate that PMK Number 111 of 2025 strengthens compliance monitoring through risk-based supervision, integrated digital systems, data analytics, and the Coretax platform, thereby improving transparency, efficiency, and taxpayer compliance. Nevertheless, challenges remain in technological infrastructure, data integration, cybersecurity, and digital literacy. The novelty of this study lies in positioning tax digitalization not merely as a service innovation but as a data-driven administrative control instrument within the self-assessment system. This research contributes theoretically to the development of digital tax governance studies and practically offers a framework for integrated digital supervision to enhance taxpayer compliance and optimize state revenue. Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas pengawasan kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam sistem self-assessment berbasis digital berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 111 Tahun 2025 serta merumuskan strategi penguatan pengawasan perpajakan digital. Urgensi penelitian ini didasarkan pada masih rendahnya kepatuhan wajib pajak, praktik penghindaran pajak, dan ketidakakuratan pelaporan di tengah percepatan digitalisasi administrasi perpajakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, komparatif, dan sosio-legal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PMK Nomor 111 Tah…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Coretax
  topic: keywords
subject: Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Assessment System
  topic: keywords
creator: Suismu Deny Rinawati
creator: Mastur Mastur
creator: Muhammad Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-09
publication date: 2026-07-09
starting page: 2141
ending page: 2164
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14478

Reformulasi Rehabilitasi Narkotika Berbasis Melatonin dalam Sistem Hukum Kesehatan Indonesia
type: item
description: This study aims to analyse the reformulation of medical rehabilitation regulations through the integration of melatonin as a non-narcotic therapy within the Indonesian health law and narcotics law systems to ensure legal certainty, protection of the right to health, and sustainable recovery for narcotics addicts. The research is grounded in the academic problem that, although medical rehabilitation has been recognized under Indonesian narcotics law, there is no explicit regulation governing evidence-based non-narcotic therapies, resulting in legal uncertainty and the continued dominance of a penal approach in rehabilitation practices. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The novelty of this research lies in identifying the legal gap concerning evidence-based non-narcotic therapies and formulating a regulatory model for integrating melatonin into national rehabilitation standards, an issue that has not been comprehensively examined in previous studies. The findings indicate that the current rehabilitation framework remains characterized by normative inconsistency between health-oriented and penal-oriented approaches. Furthermore, melatonin possesses juridical and medical advantages because it is non-addictive, relatively safe, and consistent with the principles of evidence-based medicine. Therefore, harmonization between narcotics law and health law is necessary through the establishment of national rehabilitation guidelines that explicitly regulate non-narcotic supportive therapies to strengthen legal certainty, protect the right to health, and support sustainable recovery for narcotics addicts. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pembaruan pengaturan rehabilitasi medis melalui integrasi melatonin sebagai terapi non-narkotika dalam sistem hukum kesehatan dan hukum narkotika Indonesia guna menjamin kepastian hukum, perlindungan hak atas kesehatan, dan pemulihan pecandu narkotika secara berkelanjuta…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Melatonin
  topic: keywords
subject: Pecandu Narkotika
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitasi Medis
  topic: keywords
creator: Kartika Bunga Rezky
creator: Diana Laila Ramatillah
creator: Tuti Widyaningrum
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 2039
ending page: 2059
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14460

Overlapping Authority dalam Penegakan Hukum Korupsi: Studi Perbandingan Indonesia, Singapura, dan Hong Kong
type: item
description: This study examines the institutional design of corruption law enforcement in Indonesia and compares it with the anti-corruption frameworks of Singapore and Hong Kong. The urgency of this research stems from the persistence of overlapping authority among the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), the Indonesian National Police, and the Attorney General’s Office, which potentially undermines legal certainty, institutional accountability, and enforcement effectiveness. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative law approaches, supported by qualitative analysis of legal instruments and scholarly literature. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s multi-agency enforcement model creates jurisdictional fragmentation and overlapping authority, particularly in investigation, inquiry, supervision, and prosecution processes. In contrast, Singapore’s centralized model through the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) and Hong Kong’s integrated model through the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) provide clearer institutional mandates and stronger legal certainty. The novelty of this research lies in conceptualizing overlapping authority as a normative legal problem affecting legal certainty and proposing the concept of authority delimitation as a governance mechanism for corruption law enforcement. This study contributes theoretically to the discourse on the relationship between institutional design, legal certainty, and anti-corruption governance, while practically offering a model for strengthening inter-agency coordination, jurisdictional clarity, and institutional accountability within Indonesia’s anti-corruption framework. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis desain kelembagaan penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia serta membandingkannya dengan sistem pemberantasan korupsi di Singapura dan Hong Kong. Urgensi penelitian ini berangkat dari masih adanya overlapping authority antara Komisi Pember…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ketidakpastian Hukum
  topic: keywords
subject: Penegakan Hukum Korupsi
  topic: keywords
subject: Perbandingan Hukum
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayatusy Syifa
creator: Fina Rosalina
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-09
publication date: 2026-07-09
starting page: 2118
ending page: 2140
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14384

Rekonstruksi Asas Iktikad Baik dalam Alokasi Risiko Kontrak Energi
type: item
description: This study aims to reconstruct the principle of good faith as an equitable risk-allocation mechanism in energy contracts involving Electricity Sellers, Electricity Buyers, and Gas Suppliers. The urgency of this research stems from the persistence of trapped risk within Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and Gas Supply Agreements (GSAs), where Electricity Sellers bear the consequences of gas supply disruptions beyond their control. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches analyzed through a qualitative-prescriptive framework. The findings reveal that the existing risk-allocation model fails to reflect contractual fairness because it is inconsistent with the risk follow control principle, while the application of force majeure remains confined to the doctrine of legal impossibility and inadequately addresses commercial impracticability. The novelty of this research lies in the doctrinal reconstruction of the good faith principle into a risk-follow-control-based framework implemented through deemed availability relief, incremental fuel cost pass-through, contractual rebalancing, and loss-sharing mechanisms. This framework strengthens legal certainty, commercial fairness, project bankability, and the sustainability of the energy transition toward Net Zero Emissions (NZE). Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi asas iktikad baik sebagai instrumen alokasi risiko yang berkeadilan dalam kontrak energi antara Penjual Jasa Listrik (PJL), Pembeli Listrik (PBL), dan Penyedia Gas (PSG). Urgensi penelitian berangkat dari praktik alokasi risiko dalam Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) dan Gas Supply Agreement (GSA) yang masih menimbulkan trapped risk, yaitu pembebanan risiko gangguan pasokan gas kepada PJL meskipun berada di luar kendalinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, kasus, dan komparatif yang dianalisis secara kualitatif-preskriptif. Hasil pen…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alokasi Risiko
  topic: keywords
subject: Iktikad Baik
  topic: keywords
subject: Kontrak Energi
  topic: keywords
subject: Rekonstruksi Doktrinal
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Follow Control
  topic: keywords
creator: Priyo Adi Sesotyo
creator: Nihayatur Rohmah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 2077
ending page: 2095
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14380

Rechterlijk Pardon dalam KUHP Nasional: Batas Diskresi dan Kepastian Hukum
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the policy rationale underlying the regulation of judicial pardon (rechterlijk pardon) in the National Criminal Code and to formulate operational parameters for its implementation under Article 70 of the National Criminal Code. This issue is important because judicial pardon reflects a shift in Indonesian criminal law from a rigid retributive model toward a more humane approach based on substantive justice. Previous studies have generally focused on conceptual, comparative, and practical aspects of judicial pardon, but have not specifically formulated concrete operational parameters for judges in applying Article 70 of the National Criminal Code. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches supported by secondary legal materials analyzed qualitatively. The results show that the implementation of judicial pardon requires measurable normative indicators to prevent excessive judicial discretion and sentencing disparity. These indicators are classified into three categories, namely subjective parameters, including the offender’s age, first-offender status, remorse, and likelihood of reoffending; objective parameters, including the seriousness of the offense, level of loss, and degree of culpability; and social parameters, including victim recovery, reconciliation, social impact, and public interest. The study concludes that judicial pardon can only function effectively when supported by clear judicial guidelines, proportional reasoning, and balanced protection of offenders, victims, and legal certainty. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dasar kebijakan pengaturan asas pemaafan hakim (rechterlijk pardon) dalam KUHP Nasional serta merumuskan parameter operasional penerapannya dalam Pasal 70 KUHP Nasional. Persoalan ini penting karena asas pemaafan hakim mencerminkan pergeseran hukum pidana Indonesia dari model retributif yang kaku menuju pendekatan yang lebih manusiawi berbasis k…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Batas Diskresi
  topic: keywords
subject: Kepastian Hukum
  topic: keywords
subject: KUHP Nasional
  topic: keywords
subject: Rechterlijk Pardon
  topic: keywords
creator: Elma Fitria
creator: Ariansyah Ariansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 1990
ending page: 2013
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14354

Legal Protection for MSMEs Against Fictitious Orders in ShopeeFood
type: item
description: This study examines the legal protection of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) against fictitious orders on the ShopeeFood platform, particularly within Cash on Delivery (COD) transactions that generate financial losses for merchants. The research employs a normative-empirical juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches supported by interviews with MSME actors in Medan City and analyses of relevant legal regulations and platform policies. The findings reveal that fictitious orders constitute a form of consumer default and, in certain circumstances, may also fulfill the elements of unlawful acts in electronic transactions because consumers intentionally fail to receive and pay for ordered goods. Although legal protection is normatively available through the Civil Code, Consumer Protection Law, and Electronic Information and Transactions Law, its implementation remains ineffective due to weak consumer verification systems, limited access to electronic evidence, unclear platform liability standards, and inadequate compensation mechanisms. The study further demonstrates that digital platforms cannot merely be regarded as passive intermediaries because they exercise substantial control over transaction systems, user data, payment mechanisms, and dispute resolution procedures. The novelty of this research lies in its integrative analysis of the relationship between consumer default, platform accountability, and MSME protection within app-based food delivery ecosystems through a combined normative and empirical approach. This study contributes theoretically to the development of digital commerce liability discourse and practically proposes a regulatory framework emphasizing stronger platform accountability, technology-based fraud prevention, mandatory user verification, merchant compensation mechanisms, and accessible online dispute resolution systems to strengthen legal certainty and substantive protection for MSMEs in Indonesia’s digital e…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Atika Sunarto
creator: Ruth Amanda Sinaremare
creator: Selvina Siahaan
creator: Muhammad Ali Adnan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 1888
ending page: 1907
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14345

Konflik Norma Pemanggilan Notaris dalam Perkara Pidana Perpajakan
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the disharmony of norms concerning the summoning of notaries by law enforcement officials in tax crime cases between Article 66 of the Law on Notary Position and Article 7 paragraph (5) letter e of Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2025. The urgency of this study arises from the absence of clear procedural synchronization, which creates legal uncertainty, overlapping authority, and potential violations of notarial confidentiality and due process of law. Previous studies have generally focused on the position of notaries as witnesses or on notarial ethics, but have not specifically examined the vertical normative conflict between the Law on Notary Position and Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2025 in tax crime proceedings. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches with qualitative legal analysis. The findings reveal that the summoning of notaries in tax crime cases must still obtain prior approval from the Notary Honorary Council as mandated by Article 66 of the Law on Notary Position. The novelty of this study lies in the formulation of a vertical harmonization framework that positions the Law on Notary Position as the primary procedural norm and Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2025 as a technical evidentiary norm, thereby strengthening legal certainty, ensuring due process of law, and protecting the dignity of the notarial office. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis disharmonisasi norma mengenai pemanggilan notaris oleh aparat penegak hukum dalam perkara pidana perpajakan antara Pasal 66 Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris dan Pasal 7 ayat (5) huruf e Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2025. Urgensi penelitian ini muncul karena belum adanya sinkronisasi prosedural yang jelas sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, tumpang tindih kewenangan, serta potensi pelanggaran terhadap kerahasiaan jabatan notaris dan due process of law. Penelitian sebelumnya umumnya hanya membahas …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aparat Penegak Hukum
  topic: keywords
subject: Notaris
  topic: keywords
subject: Perundang-Undangan
  topic: keywords
creator: Ko Susy Tanzil
creator: Benny Djaja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 1653
ending page: 1674
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14343

Perbandingan Kepastian Hukum Kepemilikan Rumah Susun di Indonesia dan Singapura
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing apartment ownership in Indonesia and Singapore and to compare the degree of legal certainty provided by both systems in protecting owners’ rights. Legal certainty of apartment ownership in Indonesia still faces several issues, including the dependence of Ownership Rights to Apartment Units (HMSRS) on land rights, a non-integrated registration system, and the evidentiary weakness of Apartment Ownership Certificates (SHMSRS) which remain challengeable. This research is important due to the limited comparative studies examining legal certainty of apartment ownership through indicators of ownership structure, registration systems, relationship with land rights, and evidentiary strength of ownership certificates. This research employs normative legal methods through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that Indonesia still experiences regulatory fragmentation, dependence of HMSRS on land rights status, and a non-integrated registration system, while Singapore applies a centralized electronic registration system based on the principle of indefeasibility of title which provides stronger legal certainty. The study concludes that the integration of legal and registration systems constitutes the primary factor in determining legal certainty of apartment ownership. The novelty of this research lies in its comparative analysis that positions ownership structure, registration systems, relationship with land rights, and evidentiary strength of ownership certificates as the principal indicators of legal certainty in apartment ownership. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaturan hukum kepemilikan rumah susun di Indonesia dan Singapura serta membandingkan tingkat kepastian hukumnya dalam menjamin perlindungan hak pemilik. Kepastian hukum kepemilikan rumah susun di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai persoalan, seperti ketergantungan Hak Milik atas Satuan Rumah Susun (HMSRS) terhadap hak…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kepastian Hukum
  topic: keywords
subject: Perlindungan Hak
  topic: keywords
subject: Rumah Susun
  topic: keywords
creator: Stella Stella
creator: Benny Djaja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 1610
ending page: 1627
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14342

Perlindungan Hukum Kerja Lembur dalam Hubungan Industrial di Kota Batam
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the regulation of overtime work under Government Regulation Number 35 of 2021 and the effectiveness of legal protection for workers in Batam City. This research is important because the high intensity of overtime practices in Batam’s industrial sector still results in violations of workers’ rights, including unpaid overtime wages and weak worker consent mechanisms. This study employs a normative juridical method through statutory, conceptual, and case approaches analyzed qualitatively using Soerjono Soekanto’s theory of legal effectiveness and Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory. The findings reveal that overtime regulation under Government Regulation Number 35 of 2021 has been normatively comprehensive, yet its implementation remains ineffective due to weak labor supervision, unequal bargaining positions, and an industrial culture that normalizes overtime work. The study concludes that legal protection for overtime work in Batam City remains formal-procedural and has not fully ensured substantive protection for workers. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated analysis of overtime protection through the perspectives of legal effectiveness theory and legal system theory within Batam’s manufacturing-based industrial relations. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaturan kerja lembur berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 serta efektivitas perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja di Kota Batam. Penelitian ini penting karena tingginya praktik kerja lembur di sektor industri Batam masih menimbulkan pelanggaran hak pekerja, seperti tidak dibayarkannya upah lembur dan lemahnya persetujuan kerja lembur. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus yang dianalisis secara kualitatif menggunakan teori efektivitas hukum Soerjono Soekanto dan teori sistem hukum Lawrence M. Friedman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan kerja lembur dalam PP 35/2021 seca…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Batam
  topic: keywords
subject: Jam Lembur
  topic: keywords
subject: Pekerja
  topic: keywords
subject: Perlindungan Hukum
  topic: keywords
creator: Deddy Gunawan
creator: Pristika Handayani
creator: Alwan Hadiyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-08
publication date: 2026-06-08
starting page: 1767
ending page: 1788
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14341

Penyelesaian Wanprestasi dalam Hubungan Kontraktual Wedding Organizer dan Vendor
type: item
description: This study aims to analyzes the contractual relationship between wedding organizers (WO) and vendors and examines the resolution of breaches of contract in wedding event cooperation. Previous studies generally discuss breach of contract in broad civil law contexts and have not specifically examined the legal relationship between WO and vendors in the creative service industry. In practice, disputes frequently arise due to delays, unilateral cancellations, service discrepancies, and payment defaults, creating legal uncertainty for the parties. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches through the analysis of legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant literature. The findings reveal that the relationship between WO and vendors constitutes a contractual partnership based on valid agreements under the Indonesian Civil Code, giving rise to reciprocal rights and obligations founded on the principles of freedom of contract, good faith, legal certainty, and contractual balance. Breach of contract commonly occurs in the form of delayed performance, non-conformity of services, unilateral cancellation, and delayed payment. The study further finds that non-litigation mechanisms, particularly negotiation and mediation, are more effective because they are flexible, efficient, and capable of preserving long-term business relationships. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kontraktual antara wedding organizer (WO) dan vendor serta mengkaji penyelesaian wanprestasi dalam kerja sama penyelenggaraan wedding event. Penelitian terdahulu umumnya masih membahas wanprestasi dalam konteks hukum perdata secara umum dan belum secara khusus mengkaji hubungan hukum antara WO dan vendor dalam industri jasa kreatif. Dalam praktiknya, sengketa sering terjadi akibat keterlambatan, pembatalan sepihak, ketidaksesuaian layanan, dan wanprestasi pembayaran yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi para pihak. Penelitian ini menggunakan …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hubungan Hukum
  topic: keywords
subject: Vendor
  topic: keywords
subject: Wanprestasi
  topic: keywords
subject: Wedding Event
  topic: keywords
subject: Wedding Organizer
  topic: keywords
creator: Marihot Sidauruk
creator: Pristika Handayani
creator: Alwan Hadiyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 1628
ending page: 1652
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14340

Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi atas Kontaminasi Celsium 137: Analisis Strict Liability di Cikande
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze regulatory fragmentation in the supervision of radioactive materials within Indonesia’s non-nuclear industrial sector and reconstruct the application of strict liability for corporate accountability in radioactive contamination cases. The research is motivated by the Cesium-137 contamination incident in Cikande, which revealed regulatory gaps and institutional disharmony that weakened preventive environmental protection. Using a normative legal method with statute, conceptual, and case approaches, this study examines regulatory coherence through vertical-horizontal synchronization analysis. The findings indicate that although Article 88 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law provides a legal basis for strict liability, its implementation remains constrained by the absence of radiological causation guidelines, fragmented institutional authority, and inadequate remediation funding mechanisms. The novelty of this research lies in extending strict liability beyond the licensed nuclear sector to encompass orphan sources within non-nuclear industries through a risk-based environmental liability framework. This study contributes to the development of environmental liability doctrine and offers a regulatory harmonization model to strengthen legal certainty, corporate accountability, and environmental governance. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis fragmentasi regulasi dalam pengawasan material radioaktif pada sektor industri non-nuklir di Indonesia serta merekonstruksi penerapan strict liability sebagai dasar pertanggungjawaban korporasi atas pencemaran radioaktif. Urgensi penelitian berangkat dari kasus kontaminasi Cesium-137 di Cikande yang mengungkap adanya kekosongan norma dan disharmonisasi kewenangan antarlembaga sehingga melemahkan fungsi pencegahan lingkungan. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus yang dianalisis melalui sinkronisasi vertikal-horizontal. Hasil…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kontaminasi Radioaktif
  topic: keywords
subject: Fragmentasi Regulasi
  topic: keywords
subject: Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi
  topic: keywords
creator: Rahma Septiani
creator: Sri Wahyu Handayani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 2014
ending page: 2038
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14330

Keabsahan Emas Digital pada Platform DANA dalam Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the legality of digital gold transactions through the eMAS feature on the DANA application under Indonesian positive law and Islamic law. This research is motivated by the normative gap regarding the legal status of digital gold as an electronic transaction object, the validity of digitally recorded ownership, and the problem of qabd in non-physical gold transactions under Islamic law. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through library research on legislation, legal doctrines, and Islamic legal fatwas. The novelty of this study lies in constructing the legality parameters of digital gold through the integration of electronic contract law and the concept of qabd hukmi based on indicators of digital object validity, legal certainty, underlying asset existence, and electronic delivery mechanisms. The findings reveal that digital gold transactions are principally valid under positive law insofar as they fulfill the legal requirements of contracts, are supported by valid electronic contracts, possess real underlying assets, and guarantee consumer protection. Under Islamic law, such transactions are permissible provided that they fulfill the principle of an-tarāḍin, are free from riba and gharar, and satisfy qabd hukmi as a form of legal possession over the transaction object. The study concludes that the legality of digital gold is conditional legality that depends on legal certainty, custodian transparency, and the validity of digital delivery. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keabsahan transaksi emas digital melalui fitur eMAS pada aplikasi DANA berdasarkan hukum positif Indonesia dan hukum Islam. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kekosongan norma mengenai status hukum emas digital sebagai objek transaksi elektronik, validitas kepemilikan berbasis saldo digital, serta problem qabd dalam transaksi emas nonfisik menurut hukum Islam. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum norm…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Emas Digital
  topic: keywords
subject: Hukum Islam
  topic: keywords
subject: Hukum Positif
  topic: keywords
subject: Kepastian Hukum
  topic: keywords
creator: Ina Kaleluni
creator: Syamhudian Noor
creator: Novea Elysa Wardhani
creator: Nuraliah Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 1560
ending page: 1586
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14319

Criminal Liability in Abortion Cases: Participation Doctrine under Indonesia’s New Penal Code
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the construction of criminal liability for participants in abortion-related offenses and evaluate judicial reasoning in Decision Number 721/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Cikarang, and assess its compatibility with the paradigm shift introduced by Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. The research is motivated by the persistent doctrinal ambiguity in distinguishing co-perpetrators (medepleger) from accomplices (medeplichtige) in abortion cases, which creates uncertainty in attributing criminal responsibility and determining proportional sanctions. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory, doctrinal, and case approaches, this study analyzes relevant legal norms, judicial considerations, and the evolving framework of criminal liability under Indonesia’s criminal law reform. The findings demonstrate that the defendant’s liability was established through active participation in facilitating an unlawful abortion and was judicially classified as a co-perpetrator. However, the decision reveals a conceptual weakness in differentiating essential participation from auxiliary assistance, resulting in a predominantly formalistic application of participation doctrine. The study further finds that Law Number 1 of 2023 introduces a more contextual and differentiated model of criminal liability through clearer role attribution, proportional sentencing, and recognition of humanitarian considerations. The novelty of this research lies in integrating participation doctrine with the theory of functional perpetration and a comparative analysis of the old and new Criminal Codes to develop a more precise framework for assessing facilitators’ criminal responsibility in abortion-related offenses. The study contributes to the refinement of Indonesian criminal law by advancing a proportional, contextual, and human rights-oriented approach to participation and sentencing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abortion; Criminal Code Reform; Criminal Liability; Court Decisions
  topic: keywords
creator: Aida Ardini
creator: Novita Alyapaskah Sianturi
creator: Naomi Windi Listiani Lubis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 2060
ending page: 2076
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14312

Penyelesaian Sengketa Hak Cipta Lagu Nuansa Bening Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the dispute resolution mechanism of the copyright case concerning the song Nuansa Bening and the legal consequences arising under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright. The background of this research is based on the increasing number of copyright violations in the digital era, particularly in the music industry, marked by unauthorized use of works and unclear royalty distribution. The urgency of this study lies in providing legal certainty and protection of both moral and economic rights of song creators in dispute resolution practices. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches through the analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The novelty of this study lies in the use of a specific case study of the song Nuansa Bening to examine the effectiveness of dispute resolution mechanisms and their legal implications, which have rarely been explored in previous studies. The results indicate that dispute resolution can be pursued through both non-litigation and litigation mechanisms; however, in practice, the lawsuit was declared inadmissible due to formal defects, particularly the absence of necessary parties. Consequently, substantive legal protection could not be applied, highlighting that the effectiveness of copyright enforcement depends not only on the substance of violations but also on procedural accuracy. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa hak cipta lagu Nuansa Bening serta akibat hukum yang timbul berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada meningkatnya pelanggaran hak cipta di era digital, khususnya dalam industri musik, yang ditandai dengan penggunaan karya tanpa izin dan ketidakjelasan pembagian royalti. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada pentingnya memberikan kepastian hukum serta perlindungan terhadap hak moral dan hak ekonomi pencipta lagu dalam praktik penyelesaian…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Achmad Fuad Achwani
creator: Ahmad Dwi Nuryanto
creator: Agus Saiful Abib
creator: Zaenal Arifin
creator: Putri Haliza Yuniar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-08
publication date: 2026-06-08
starting page: 1748
ending page: 1766
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14297

Kedudukan Royalti Hak Cipta sebagai Harta Bersama Pasca Perceraian
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the legal status of song copyright royalties as joint marital property after divorce and their legal implications within the Indonesian legal system. The urgency of this research stems from the existing regulatory vacuum regarding the status and distribution mechanism of copyright royalties generated during marriage, which has created legal uncertainty and increased the potential for prolonged property disputes. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, supported by qualitative analysis of legal materials obtained through library research. The findings reveal that copyright royalties generated and economically exploited during marriage may be classified as joint marital property because they constitute economic rights with proprietary value, despite the sui generis nature of copyright that remains inherently attached to the creator. The West Jakarta Religious Court Decision Number 1622/Pdt.G/2023/PA.JB reinforces the legal construction that royalties may be divided as joint property without diminishing the creator’s moral rights. The novelty of this study lies in the development of the concept of sustainable economic assets, which reconceptualizes copyright royalties as intangible assets that continuously generate economic benefits and remain divisible after divorce. The study contributes to the expansion of the doctrine of marital property in Indonesian family law by incorporating intellectual property-derived income into the category of joint assets and provides a conceptual framework for future regulations governing post-divorce royalty distribution. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan hukum royalti hak cipta lagu sebagai harta bersama pasca perceraian serta implikasi hukumnya dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Urgensi penelitian ini berangkat dari kekosongan norma yang menyebabkan belum adanya pengaturan yang jelas mengenai status dan mekanisme pembagian royalti hak cipta ya…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hak Cipta
  topic: keywords
subject: Harta Bersama
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceraian
  topic: keywords
subject: Royalti Lagu
  topic: keywords
creator: Denise Aulia Kesuma Lubis
creator: Dwi Aryanti Ramadhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 1972
ending page: 1989
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14265

Substantive Transparency of Judicial Review Decisions in Digital Constitutional Platforms
type: item
description: This study examines the substantive transparency of judicial review decisions on the Constitutional Court’s digital platform within the framework of good constitutional governance. The research addresses a critical gap in existing scholarship and regulatory practice, which predominantly emphasize administrative transparency and procedural digitalization while neglecting the accessibility and comprehensibility of constitutional legal reasoning (ratio decidendi). Using a normative-policy approach, the study combines regulatory analysis of Constitutional Court Regulation No. 8 of 2019 and No. 10 of 2023, doctrinal examination of selected constitutional review decisions, and conceptual analysis grounded in legal informatics and open justice principles. The findings demonstrate that the current digital platform primarily functions as an administrative repository and fails to ensure substantive transparency due to the absence of structured reasoning disclosure, semantic information architecture, standardized explanatory formats, and cognitively accessible legal communication. Consequently, digital transparency remains formally compliant yet substantively limited in promoting constitutional accountability and democratic participation. The novelty of this research lies in the development of an integrative analytical framework connecting jurisprudential theory, legal informatics, and constitutional governance through the dimensions of clarity, structure, consistency, and accessibility as indicators of substantive judicial transparency. This study contributes theoretically by redefining digital judicial platforms as normative instruments of democratic constitutional accountability and practically by proposing governance-oriented standards for ratio decidendi disclosure, semantic tagging, user-centered platform design, and participatory transparency mechanisms in constitutional adjudication.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Constitutional Court Digital Platform
  topic: keywords
subject: Good Constitutional Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Judicial Review
  topic: keywords
subject: Ratio Decidendi
  topic: keywords
subject: Substantive Transparency
  topic: keywords
creator: Sidi Ahyar Wiraguna
creator: Hayattun Nufus
creator: Fina Faiqotul Azizah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 1691
ending page: 1706
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14264

Konstruksi Hubungan Hukum dalam Kontrak Elektronik Ojek Online dan Perlindungan Konsumen
type: item
description: This study analyzes the legal relationship construction in online motorcycle taxi electronic contracts and the conformity of liability limitation clauses with Consumer Protection Law. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches. The findings reveal that electronic contracts in online transportation platforms formally fulfill the validity requirements of agreements under the Indonesian Civil Code and are recognized under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. However, liability limitation clauses in standard contracts tend to transfer risks to consumers and driver-partners. Such clauses contradict Article 18 of the Consumer Protection Law because they limit business liability and reduce consumers’ rights to compensation. The study further finds that digital platforms cannot merely be regarded as intermediaries, as they exercise substantial control over transactions, pricing systems, payment mechanisms, and dispute resolution. The novelty of this research lies in its analysis of the tripartite legal relationship between platforms, driver-partners, and consumers through a function-based and control-based approach in attributing legal responsibility. The study emphasizes the importance of fair consumer protection within the digital ecosystem. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi hubungan hukum dalam kontrak elektronik layanan ojek online serta kesesuaian klausula pembatasan tanggung jawab dengan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontrak elektronik pada platform ojek online secara formal memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian berdasarkan KUHPerdata dan diakui melalui UU ITE. Namun, praktik klausula pembatasan tanggung jawab dalam kontrak baku cenderung mengalihkan risiko kepada konsumen dan mitra pengemudi. Klausula tersebut bertentangan dengan Pasal 18 Und…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kontrak Elektronik
  topic: keywords
subject: Ojek Online
  topic: keywords
subject: Perlindungan Konsumen
  topic: keywords
subject: Produk Digital
  topic: keywords
creator: Ferdinand Polopadang
creator: Wilma Silalahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-19
publication date: 2026-05-19
starting page: 1438
ending page: 1457
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14255

Kewenangan Hukum Pemadam Kebakaran dalam Penanganan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan
type: item
description: This study analyzes the legal authority of the Fire and Rescue Service (Damkar) in managing forest and land fires (Karhutla) in Lingga Regency and examines intergovernmental coordination in its implementation. The study is significant due to the increasing incidence of Karhutla and the lack of explicit legal provisions defining Damkar’s authority within the forest and land fire governance framework. Employing an empirical legal method with a descriptive-analytical approach, data were collected through interviews, document analysis, and literature review, and analyzed using administrative law and governmental authority perspectives. The findings reveal that Damkar’s involvement in Karhutla management is conducted through cross-sectoral coordination involving BPBD, TNI, Polri, subdistrict administrations, and village governments. Juridically, Damkar’s authority does not originate from a specific delegation of power but from institutional attribution and administrative mandates attached to local government functions in public protection and basic services. The novelty of this study lies in reconceptualizing Damkar as an administrative instrument of local government in ecological disaster governance rather than merely a firefighting institution. This study contributes to administrative law scholarship by clarifying the relationship between attributed authority, administrative mandates, and inter-agency coordination in disaster management, while offering a governance model that strengthens legal certainty, institutional accountability, and the effectiveness of forest and land fire management through regulatory harmonization, integrated operational standards, and collaborative governance mechanisms. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kewenangan hukum Pemadam Kebakaran (Damkar) dalam penanganan kebakaran hutan dan lahan (Karhutla) di Kabupaten Lingga serta mengkaji koordinasi antarorgan pemerintahan dalam pelaksanaannya. Urgensi penelitian ini didasarkan pada meningkatn…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Karhutla
  topic: keywords
subject: Kewenangan
  topic: keywords
subject: Pemadam Kebakaran
  topic: keywords
creator: Separen Separen
creator: Riyanda Elsera Yozani
creator: Ilham Azhari
creator: Ali Asfar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-09
publication date: 2026-07-09
starting page: 2096
ending page: 2117
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14242

Klausula Hak Cipta dalam Kontrak Baku Jasa Fotografi Panggung
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the legal consequences and identify the liability of the parties when a copyright clause is not formulated in a standard contract for stage photography services. The characteristics of multi-party relationships in the stage photography subsector in the creative industry cause a photographic work to be potentially claimed by another party who does not have a contractual relationship with the photographer. The normative juridical method and statutory approach are used to examine the standard contract for photography services. The analysis material includes the Civil Code and Law No. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, and is enriched with literature studies and relevant legal doctrines. The results of the study indicate that the absence of a clause does not automatically invalidate the agreement, but is filled by Article 34 of the Copyright Law which confirms that copyright is inherent in the photographer. The condition of the absence of a clause in the standard contract is interpreted to be a loss for the drafting party based on the contra proferentem doctrine. Meanwhile, the construction of responsibility is analyzed through the separation between default and unlawful acts with the element of error. The novelty of this research contributes to encouraging harmonization of lex generalis of contract law and lex specialis of copyright law to become a preventive legal necessity, that explicit copyright clauses in contracts create legal certainty and distributive justice for the parties. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akibat hukum dan mengidentifikasi pertanggungjawaban para pihak ketika klausula hak cipta yang tidak dirumuskan dalam kontrak baku jasa fotografi panggung. Karakteristik hubungan multipihak dalam subsektor fotografi panggung di industri kreatif menyebabkan sebuah karya foto berpotensi diklaim oleh pihak lain yang tidak memiliki hubungan kontraktual dengan fotografer. Dengan metode yuridis normatif dan pendekatan perundang…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fotografi Panggung
  topic: keywords
subject: Hak Cipta
  topic: keywords
subject: Perjanjian Baku
  topic: keywords
subject: Pertanggungjawaban Hukum
  topic: keywords
creator: Eugina Evita Marito
creator: Surahmad Surahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 1868
ending page: 1887
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14218

Pertanggungjawaban Pelaku Usaha atas Produk Cacat dalam Hukum Konsumen
type: item
description: This study aims to examine and analyze the liability of business actors for defective products from the perspectives of civil law and consumer protection law. The research is motivated by the increasing circulation of defective products that cause losses to consumers, as well as the weak position of consumers in proving business actors’ fault in product liability disputes. This condition indicates that the existing legal framework has not fully provided effective legal protection and legal certainty for consumers. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, supported by descriptive-analytical specifications through library research. The novelty of this study lies in the integrative analysis between the Consumer Protection Law and the Indonesian Civil Code in constructing a more comprehensive model of business liability for defective products. The results reveal that business liability in defective product cases includes contractual liability, tort liability, and the application of strict liability principles. However, the implementation of strict liability under the Consumer Protection Law has not yet been fully effective because business actors are still allowed to avoid liability by proving that consumer negligence caused the loss. Normatively, this condition weakens consumer protection and creates an imbalance in the burden of proof between consumers and business actors. Therefore, strengthening the formulation of strict liability and harmonizing consumer protection regulations with civil law principles are necessary to achieve more effective, just, and legally certain consumer protection. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pertanggungjawaban pelaku usaha atas produk cacat dalam perspektif hukum perdata dan hukum perlindungan konsumen. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih maraknya peredaran produk cacat yang merugikan konsumen serta lemahnya posisi konsumen dalam membuktik…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Konsumen
  topic: keywords
subject: Perlindungan Konsumen
  topic: keywords
subject: Produk Cacat
  topic: keywords
subject: Tanggung Jawab
  topic: keywords
creator: M Fikri Ibnu Sasani
creator: Pristika Handayani
creator: Alwan Hadiyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 1587
ending page: 1609
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14203

Relationship Between Hospitals And Doctors Based On The Principle Of Justice
type: item
description: This research investigates the legal dynamics of hospital-physician partnerships, evaluating them against the principles of Commutative and Distributive Justice. While these relationships are normatively grounded in the principle of freedom of contract under the Indonesian Civil Code, a significant discrepancy exists between theory and practice. The study reveals that the "independent contractor" status often masks a subordinate employment relationship, creating structural injustice due to the unequal bargaining power between physicians and institutions. This imbalance is further complicated by a legal vacuum regarding contract standardization, which often shifts the burden of liability onto physicians through recourse rights while obscuring corporate accountability. To rectify these inequities, the study proposes the integration of legal regimes via legal analogy (analogia iuris) to ensure proportional justice and legal certainty. Moving forward, the research emphasizes the urgent need for government-issued regulations to standardize agreements and eliminate "take-it-or-leave-it" contracts. Furthermore, hospitals must refine their internal clauses to ensure fair risk distribution, while professional bodies like the Indonesian Medical Association (IDI) should provide standardized templates and advocacy. These collective measures are essential to safeguarding clinical autonomy, strengthening physician bargaining power, and ensuring a transparent, protected healthcare ecosystem for both medical professionals and patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Doctor
  topic: keywords
subject: Hospital
  topic: keywords
subject: Partnership Agreement
  topic: keywords
subject: Principle of Justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Alif Fazduani Syamsuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-19
publication date: 2026-05-19
starting page: 1416
ending page: 1437
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14193

Regulasi Pelaksana Pajak Karbon dalam MendukungTarget Nationally Determined Contribution Indonesia
type: item
description: This study examines the urgency of establishing and implementing regulations for carbon taxation in Indonesia and formulates an ideal regulatory model to support the achievement of Indonesia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets. Although carbon taxation has been legally recognized under the Harmonization of Tax Regulations Law and Presidential Regulation on Carbon Economic Value, its implementation remains ineffective due to the absence of comprehensive implementing regulations governing emission measurement and verification, tariff calculation, tax collection, supervision, and incentive mechanisms. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches by analyzing carbon tax regulations in Indonesia, Singapore, Finland, and India. The findings demonstrate that the lack of operational legal instruments has created legal uncertainty and hindered the effectiveness of carbon taxation as an environmental fiscal policy instrument. This study further argues that a Government Regulation is required to operationalize Article 13 of the Harmonization of Tax Regulations Law and provide legal certainty for stakeholders. The novelty of this research lies in its integrative analysis linking the absence of implementing regulations with the obstacles to achieving Indonesia’s NDC targets, while proposing a comparative and adaptive regulatory framework suited to Indonesia’s legal and economic conditions. The study contributes theoretically to the development of environmental tax law and practically to the formulation of a more effective, equitable, and sustainable carbon tax policy in Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis urgensi pembentukan regulasi pelaksana pajak karbon di Indonesia serta merumuskan model pengaturan yang ideal guna mendukung pencapaian target Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Indonesia. Meskipun pajak karbon telah memiliki dasar hukum melalui Undang-Undang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan d…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nationally Determined Contribution
  topic: keywords
subject: Pajak Karbon
  topic: keywords
subject: Peraturan Pelaksana
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamonangan Sitanggang
creator: Zaenal Arifin
creator: Endah Pujiastuti
creator: Amri Panahatan Sihotang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 1845
ending page: 1867
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14172

A Socio-Legal Model of Local Wisdom-Based Child Protection in Sexual Violence Cases
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze and formulate a local wisdom–based model for strengthening child protection in sexual violence cases within the Buton Archipelago community. Employing a socio-legal research method, this study examines customary practices in Central Buton, South Buton, and Buton Regency. The findings reveal that each region applies distinctive customary sanctions: Central Buton imposes social sanctions and ritual oaths, including partial burial or the pocong oath; South Buton enforces the payment of boka (customary fines); and Buton Regency applies exile, fines, and the Kaleoleo sea ritual as a form of moral verification. Despite these differences, all customary institutions adopt deliberative decision-making involving religious and traditional leaders. The study concludes that integrating local wisdom into the formal child protection framework can enhance legal effectiveness, social legitimacy, and victim protection. Regulatory reform at both legislative and regional levels is recommended to institutionalize this culturally responsive protection model.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Buton
  topic: keywords
subject: Protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Sexual Violence
  topic: keywords
subject: Victims
  topic: keywords
subject: Witnesses
  topic: keywords
creator: Muh Sutri Mansyah
creator: La Ode Fajrul Islam Sabti
creator: Yetty Purnamasari
creator: Subhan Alfajar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-25
publication date: 2026-05-25
starting page: 1542
ending page: 1559
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14157

Humor Seksis sebagai Kekerasan Non-Fisik: Pendekatan Dampak Korban dalam UU TPKS
type: item
description: This study examines the ambiguity of the phrase “degrading human dignity” in Article 5 of Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence Crimes (UU TPKS) in addressing sexist humor as a form of non-physical sexual violence. The research is motivated by the absence of objective legal parameters in interpreting verbal sexual harassment, causing law enforcement to remain heavily dependent on proving the perpetrator’s mens rea while neglecting the actual impact experienced by victims. This normative juridical research employs statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches using qualitative legal analysis through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation. The findings reveal that sexist humor may be categorized as non-physical sexual harassment when it contains sexual objectification, gender stereotypes, unequal power relations, and causes psychological or social harm to victims. The study identifies that the main weakness of Article 5 UU TPKS lies in the lack of objective standards for interpreting the element of “degrading human dignity,” resulting in inconsistent and subjective law enforcement practices. The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of a victim-impact standard consisting of five objective indicators, namely psychological harm, the reasonable person test, power relations, gender stereotypes, and social environment. This research contributes theoretically to the development of criminal law and victimology through a victim-oriented approach and practically provides interpretative guidance for law enforcement in handling non-physical sexual violence cases more consistently, adaptively, and protectively. Penelitian ini mengkaji kekaburan frasa “merendahkan harkat dan martabat” dalam Pasal 5 Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (UU TPKS) dalam mengklasifikasikan humor seksis sebagai bentuk kekerasan seksual nonfisik. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh belum adanya parameter hukum yang o…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Human dignity
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-Physical Sexual Violence
  topic: keywords
subject: Sexist Humor
  topic: keywords
subject: TPKS Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Victimology
  topic: keywords
creator: Qurratan A’yun
creator: Emmilia Rusdiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-25
publication date: 2026-05-25
starting page: 1504
ending page: 1519
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14126

Legal Implications of Mixed Marriage Annulment on Nominee Agreement Land Ownership Schemes
type: item
description: This study examines the normative tension between marriage law and agrarian law in determining the legal status of land acquired in mixed marriages that are subsequently annulled. The urgency of this research arises from the normative gap regarding the status of joint property after annulment and the use of nominee agreements to circumvent restrictions on foreign land ownership under Indonesian agrarian law. Previous studies have generally discussed marriage annulment, joint property, or nominee arrangements separately, without integrating marriage law, agrarian law, and contract law into a single analytical framework. This research employs normative juridical methods using statutory and case approaches through the analysis of legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The novelty of this study lies in the integrated doctrinal framework that positions marriage annulment as an entry point for courts to identify legal circumvention and reassess contractual structures related to land control by foreign nationals. The findings reveal that land acquired through nominee arrangements cannot be classified as joint marital property because agrarian law restrictions prevail over private contractual arrangements. Nominee agreements are null and void due to unlawful causa, while financial contributions by foreign nationals do not create proprietary rights over land. This study concludes that marriage annulment functions not only to invalidate marital status but also to restore compliance with agrarian law and prevent disguised foreign land control.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Land Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Circumvention
  topic: keywords
subject: Marriage Annulment
  topic: keywords
subject: Nominee Agreement
  topic: keywords
creator: Dedy Simanungkalit
creator: Rachmaliani Rofiqoh
creator: Shinta Pangesti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-19
publication date: 2026-05-19
starting page: 1391
ending page: 1415
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i3.14115

Konstitusionalitas Program Makan Bergizi Gratis Terhadap Hak Pendidikan Dasar
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the constitutional responsibility of the state in financing basic education, evaluate the legal position of the Free Nutritious Meals Program (MBG) within the national budget priority structure, and formulate a reorientation of fiscal legal policy to ensure equitable educational access. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by systematic and teleological legal interpretation. The findings reveal that although MBG holds legitimacy as a human capital development policy, its current consumption-based financing model poses risks of inefficiency, weak accountability, and potential crowding-out effects on constitutionally mandated education spending. Consequently, the program may be conditionally unconstitutional if it undermines access to and quality of basic education. The novelty of this study lies in integrating constitutional law, public finance law, and social policy analysis into a unified framework, alongside the introduction of the Absolute Financial Accessibility concept as a basis for restructuring fiscal priorities. This study contributes theoretically by advancing an integrative constitutional-fiscal approach and practically by proposing a shift toward non-perishable education-oriented spending to strengthen accountability, efficiency, and the substantive fulfillment of the right to education. policy analysis into a unified framework, alongside the introduction of the Absolute Financial Accessibility concept as a basis for restructuring fiscal priorities. This study contributes theoretically by advancing an integrative constitutional-fiscal approach and practically by proposing a shift toward non-perishable education-oriented spending to strengthen accountability, efficiency, and the substantive fulfillment of the right to education. Keywords: Constitutional Rights; Free Nutritious Meals; Right to Basic Education; State Fiscal Policy Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan un…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fiskal Negara
  topic: keywords
subject: Hak Konstitusional
  topic: keywords
subject: Hak Pendidikan Dasar
  topic: keywords
subject: Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG)
  topic: keywords
creator: Gloria Carvallo
creator: Nabilla Putri Clarisya
creator: Ema Sarila Sinaga
creator: Soni Esrayanus Benu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-18
publication date: 2026-04-18
starting page: 1351
ending page: 1370
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.14106

Kedudukan dan Pemenuhan Hak Kreditur Pemegang Hak Tanggungan Dalam Proses Kepailitan Debitur
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the legal position of mortgage right holders in debtor bankruptcy proceedings and evaluate the fulfillment of their rights in executing collateral. The issue arises from the disharmony between secured transactions law, which grants direct execution rights to creditors, and bankruptcy law, which places all debtor assets under the control of the curator, leading to legal uncertainty. This research employs normative legal methods with statutory and conceptual approaches, using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that mortgage right holders are recognized as secured or separatist creditors with preferential rights; however, the execution process encounters obstacles such as temporary suspension, curator authority, and administrative complexity. The novelty of this study lies in the formulation of a normative harmonization concept between bankruptcy law and secured transactions law, operationalized through a synchronization model of authority between curators and secured creditors in a coordinative framework. The contribution of this research provides a conceptual basis and practical recommendations, including revising provisions on execution delay and time limits, as well as establishing integrated technical guidelines to enhance legal certainty and the effectiveness of creditors’ rights fulfillment. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan kreditur pemegang hak tanggungan dalam proses kepailitan debitur serta mengevaluasi pemenuhan haknya dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi objek jaminan. Permasalahan penelitian berangkat dari adanya disharmonisasi antara hukum jaminan kebendaan yang memberikan hak eksekusi langsung kepada kreditur dan hukum kepailitan yang menempatkan seluruh harta debitur sebagai boedel pailit di bawah penguasaan kurator, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptua…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Eksekusi Jaminan
  topic: keywords
subject: Hak tanggungan
  topic: keywords
subject: Kepailitan
  topic: keywords
subject: Kreditur Separatis
  topic: keywords
creator: Agung Aristyawan Adhi
creator: Taufan Dwi Putranto
creator: Endah Pujiastuti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
starting page: 1214
ending page: 1233
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.14079

Korupsi Pengadaan Base Transceiver Station 4G dan Dampak Sosial Ekonomi di Indonesia
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze corruption in the procurement of 4G Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) from a criminal law perspective and its socioeconomic impacts in Indonesia, by addressing the research gap concerning the absence of an integrative framework linking public procurement law and anti-corruption criminal law. This research employs a normative-doctrinal legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches based on court decisions and policy documents related to BTS procurement. The findings reveal that corruption arises from regulatory disharmony, weak institutional oversight, and power asymmetry that enables abuse of authority, which causally leads to project delays, declining infrastructure quality, and unequal digital access. These conditions significantly hinder public services, civic participation, and digital economic growth, particularly in frontier, outermost, and underdeveloped regions. The novelty of this study lies in developing an integrative analytical framework connecting regulatory structures, criminal law enforcement, and socioeconomic impacts within a juridical-structural perspective. The contribution of this study is both theoretical, by advancing interdisciplinary legal scholarship, and practical, by providing policy recommendations based on risk-based governance, strengthened e-procurement systems, and integrated supervision and law enforcement to enhance accountability in public procurement and sustainable digital development. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis korupsi dalam pengadaan Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 4G dari perspektif hukum pidana serta implikasi sosial-ekonominya di Indonesia, dengan menegaskan adanya kekosongan kajian integratif yang menghubungkan hukum pengadaan publik dan hukum pidana korupsi dalam satu kerangka analisis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif-doktrinal dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan studi kasus berbasis putusan pengadilan serta dokumen kebijakan terkai…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BTS 4G
  topic: keywords
subject: Dampak Sosial Ekonomi
  topic: keywords
subject: Hukum Pidana
  topic: keywords
subject: Korupsi
  topic: keywords
subject: Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa
  topic: keywords
creator: Ni Nyoman Tri Partini
creator: Kadi Sukarna
creator: Junius Akbar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
starting page: 1172
ending page: 1194
doi: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.14078