Architecture as Da'wah: Cultural Interpretation of Visual Symbols in the Great Mosque of Central Java

Abstract

The Great Mosque of Central Java (Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah, MAJT) is regarded as a manifestation of religious architecture that effectively utilizes its design as a medium for visual and cultural da'wah (Islamic preaching). Through symbolic representations such as the 25 pillars symbolizing the 25 Prophets of Allah, the main dome representing Prophet Muhammad, and the electric umbrellas inspired by the Nabawi Mosque MAJT offers not only visual aesthetics but also presents religious teachings and cultural values in an accessible and inspiring format. The Asmaul Husna Tower, soaring 99 meters high, serves not only as a landmark reflecting the greatness of Allah SWT but also as a vital religious tourism destination, reinforcing the mosque’s role as a center for da'wah and cultural preservation. MAJT’s unique architecture combines Javanese, Arab, and Roman-Greek cultural elements, creating harmony between traditional heritage and modern touches. Elements such as batik ornaments, Arabic calligraphy, and inclusive spatial arrangements demonstrate how MAJT embraces diversity while remaining rooted in Islamic values. Furthermore, facilities like the auditorium, library, and giant Qur’an strengthen MAJT’s function as a hub for social, cultural, and educational activities. The architectural concept "Gelagah Wangi," designed by Ir. H. Ahmad Fanani, highlights the fusion of various architectural styles and technological innovations, such as the automatic hydraulic umbrellas that provide comfort while symbolizing progress. Overall, MAJT functions as a dynamic cultural interpretation space, illustrating Islam’s positive interaction with diverse cultures and promoting unity and tolerance through planned visual, social, and cultural da'wah strategies.