Journal Juridisch published three a year in March, July and November (3 issues a year), The aims of this journal is to provide a venue for academicians, researchers and practitioners for publishing the original research articles or review articles. The scope of the articles published in this journal deal with a broad range of topics, including: Criminal Law, Civil Law, Constitutional Law, International Law, Administrative Law, Islamic Law, Business Law, Medical Law, Environmental Law and Legal Philosophy. Already have a Username/Password for Journal Juridisch ? Go to Login Need a Username/Password ? Go to Register
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Implementasi Hukum Maritim Internasional dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Bisnis Pengusaha Kapal dan Anak Buah Kapal
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of international maritime law instruments in resolving business disputes between shipowners and seafarers (crew), while formulating a juridical solution model oriented toward legal protection and access to justice. The core problem lies in the ineffective implementation of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006 (MLC 2006) and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) in cross-jurisdictional practice, which often results in the protection of seafarers’ rights remaining largely normative rather than operational. This research employs normative legal methodology using statutory and case approaches to examine the relationship between substantive maritime labour protection standards and the jurisdictional framework of flag states and port states. The findings reveal a structural gap between international legal norms and enforcement capacity, driven by weak flag state supervision, the prevalence of flags of convenience, disparities in national regulations, and limited access of seafarers to dispute resolution mechanisms. The study proposes an integrative model based on systemic integration between MLC 2006 and UNCLOS 1982 as a framework to strengthen multilayer enforcement and national regulatory harmonization. The novelty of this research lies in its analytical construction linking international legal instruments with the operational design of maritime business dispute resolution mechanisms. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektivitas implementasi instrumen hukum maritim internasional dalam penyelesaian sengketa bisnis antara pengusaha kapal dan Anak Buah Kapal (ABK), sekaligus merumuskan model solusi yuridis yang berorientasi pada perlindungan hukum dan access to justice. Permasalahan utama terletak pada ketidakefektifan penerapan Maritime Labour Convention 2006 (MLC 2006) dan United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) dalam praktik lintas yurisdiksi, yang menyebabkan perlindungan hak ABK sering berhenti pada tataran normatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus untuk menganalisis relasi antara standar perlindungan ketenagakerjaan maritim dan struktur yurisdiksi negara bendera serta negara pelabuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara norma internasional dan kapasitas penegakan hukum, yang dipengaruhi oleh lemahnya pengawasan negara bendera, praktik flags of convenience, disparitas regulasi nasional, serta keterbatasan akses ABK terhadap mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa. Temuan ini menghasilkan model integratif berbasis systemic integration antara MLC 2006 dan UNCLOS 1982 sebagai kerangka penguatan multilayer enforcement dan harmonisasi kebijakan nasional. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada konstruksi analitis yang menghubungkan instrumen hukum internasional dengan desain mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa bisnis maritim secara operasional.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal Juridisch https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efektivitas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 46 Tahun 2025 dalam Pencegahan Korupsi Pengadaan Pemerintah
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Presidential Regulation No. 46 of 2025 in preventing corruption in government procurement of goods and services. This study answers the question of whether Presidential Regulation No. 46 of 2025 is effective in reducing corruption in procurement or whether it opens up new risks in the modern procurement system. The research problem is based on the high vulnerability of the procurement sector to conflicts of interest and abuse of authority despite regulatory reforms and system digitization. Effectiveness in this study is measured operationally through four indicators, namely normative compliance, prevention of conflicts of interest, integrity of the electronic procurement system, and effectiveness of risk-based supervision. The research uses a normative legal method with a regulatory, conceptual, and case approach, analyzed qualitatively. The results show that Presidential Regulation No. 46 of 2025 normatively strengthens transparency and efficiency through digitization and simplification of procedures, but still leaves vulnerabilities in the procurement planning stage, expansion of administrative discretion, and limitations in preventive oversight. It is concluded that the effectiveness of regulations is conditional and depends on the integrity of the apparatus and institutional oversight capacity. The novelty of this research lies in the analysis of the duality of regulations as an instrumen for preventing corruption and as a source of new systemic risks due to the modernization of procurement. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai efektivitas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 46 Tahun 2025 dalam pencegahan korupsi pengadaan barang/jasa pemerintah. Penelitian ini menjawab pertanyaan apakah Perpres Nomor 46 Tahun 2025 efektif menekan korupsi pengadaan atau justru membuka ruang risiko baru dalam sistem pengadaan modern. Permasalahan penelitian didasarkan pada tingginya kerentanan sektor pengadaan terhadap konflik kepentingan dan penyalahgunaan wewenang meskipun telah dilakukan reformasi regulasi dan digitalisasi sistem. Efektivitas dalam penelitian ini diukur secara operasional melalui empat indikator, yaitu kepatuhan normatif, pencegahan konflik kepentingan, integritas sistem elektronik pengadaan, dan efektivitas pengawasan berbasis risiko. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perpres Nomor 46 Tahun 2025 secara normatif memperkuat transparansi dan efisiensi melalui digitalisasi dan penyederhanaan prosedur, namun masih menyisakan kerentanan pada tahap perencanaan pengadaan, perluasan diskresi administratif, dan keterbatasan pengawasan preventif. Disimpulkan bahwa efektivitas regulasi bersifat kondisional dan bergantung pada integritas aparatur serta kapasitas pengawasan kelembagaan. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada analisis dualitas regulasi sebagai instrumen pencegahan korupsi sekaligus sumber risiko sistemik baru akibat modernisasi pengadaan.
Tindak Pidana Pemilu Sebagai Kejahatan Demokrasi Konstitusional
This study aims to analyze electoral crimes as crimes against constitutional democracy from the perspectives of criminal law and constitutional law. The study is grounded in the persistence of a normative approach that treats electoral crimes merely as special offenses without a theoretical framework explaining their impact on the legitimacy of state power. In practice, money politics, vote manipulation, and abuse of authority not only violate criminal law but also distort the constitutional mechanism of government formation. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, using systematic and teleological interpretation of electoral law norms. The findings demonstrate that electoral crimes should be understood as crimes against democracy that violate fundamental legal interests, namely, popular sovereignty and the legitimacy of political authority. Their classification as extraordinary crimes is constructed through the integration of constitutional crime theory, democratic legitimacy theory, and the theory of democratic system protection, which collectively explain their systemic and constitutional impact. The novelty of this study lies in its conceptual reconstruction that repositions electoral crimes as violations of democratic power reproduction mechanisms, as well as its reinterpretation of their place within criminal law as offenses protecting collective constitutional interests. These findings support the need to reformulate electoral criminal law policy based on the protection of democratic legitimacy. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tindak pidana Pemilu sebagai kejahatan terhadap demokrasi konstitusional dalam perspektif hukum pidana dan hukum ketatanegaraan. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari masih dominannya pendekatan normatif yang menempatkan tindak pidana Pemilu sebatas delik khusus tanpa konstruksi teoritik mengenai dampaknya terhadap legitimasi kekuasaan negara. Padahal, praktik politik uang, manipulasi suara, dan penyalahgunaan kewenangan tidak hanya melanggar norma pidana, tetapi berpotensi merusak mekanisme konstitusional pembentukan pemerintahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus melalui interpretasi sistematis dan teleologis terhadap norma hukum Pemilu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindak pidana Pemilu harus dipahami sebagai crime against democracy yang menyerang kepentingan hukum fundamental berupa kedaulatan rakyat dan legitimasi kekuasaan. Kualifikasi sebagai extraordinary crime dibangun melalui integrasi teori constitutional crime, teori legitimasi demokratis, dan teori perlindungan sistem demokrasi, yang menegaskan bahwa dampak pelanggaran Pemilu bersifat sistemik dan konstitusional. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada rekonstruksi konseptual yang mereposisi tindak pidana Pemilu sebagai pelanggaran terhadap mekanisme reproduksi kekuasaan demokratis, sekaligus menawarkan reinterpretasi kedudukannya dalam sistem hukum pidana sebagai delik yang melindungi kepentingan konstitusional kolektif. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya reformulasi kebijakan hukum pidana Pemilu berbasis perlindungan legitimasi demokrasi.
Konflik Kepentingan Partai Politik dalam Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah
This study examines the mechanisms of political party conflicts of interest in village procurement in Central Java, identifies regulatory gaps that enable such practices, and assesses their implications for good governance. The research employs normative legal methods using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, complemented by interviews as supporting data. The findings indicate that village procurement is highly vulnerable to political intervention and patronage due to regulatory fragmentation among village procurement rules, administrative law, and political party regulations. A case study of village operational vehicle procurement reveals decision centralization, indications of collusion, and the instrumental use of procurement for political benefit distribution. These patterns demonstrate that party-related conflicts of interest are not incidental but operate systemically through power networks that undermine transparency, accountability, and administrative neutrality. The novelty of this study lies in its theoretical construction, positioning political party conflicts of interest in village procurement as a form of institutionalized structural corruption embedded in regulatory gaps. The study recommends clearer separation between political party functions and village governance, explicit conflict-of-interest regulation, strengthened oversight mechanisms, and integrity education for village officials. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme benturan kepentingan partai politik dalam pengadaan barang/jasa desa di Jawa Tengah, mengidentifikasi celah regulasi yang memfasilitasinya, serta menilai implikasinya terhadap prinsip good governance. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual, yang diperkaya dengan wawancara sebagai data pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengadaan desa memiliki kerentanan tinggi terhadap intervensi politik dan patronase akibat ketidaksinkronan regulasi antara hukum pengadaan desa, administrasi pemerintahan, dan pengaturan partai politik. Studi kasus pengadaan kendaraan operasional kepala desa menunjukkan indikasi sentralisasi keputusan, kolusi, dan penggunaan pengadaan sebagai instrumen distribusi manfaat politik. Fenomena tersebut menunjukkan bahwa benturan kepentingan partai tidak bersifat insidental, melainkan beroperasi secara sistemik melalui jaringan kekuasaan yang melemahkan transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan netralitas pemerintahan desa. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada konstruksi teoretis yang menempatkan benturan kepentingan partai politik dalam pengadaan desa sebagai bentuk korupsi struktural yang terinstitusionalisasi melalui celah regulasi. Penelitian merekomendasikan penegasan pemisahan fungsi partai dan pemerintahan desa, pengaturan konflik kepentingan secara eksplisit, penguatan pengawasan, serta pendidikan integritas aparatur desa.
Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Terhadap Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Akibat Kecelakaan Kerja di Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the legal provisions governing termination of employment due to workplace accidents and the effectiveness of industrial relations dispute resolution mechanisms in Indonesia. The background to this study is based on the fact that workers who are victims of workplace accidents are still being terminated from their jobs despite the existence of normative protections in various laws and regulations. The urgency of this research lies in the need to assess whether the applicable regulations actually provide effective protection, identify potential normative disharmony after the enactment of the Job Creation Law, and examine the position of workers in industrial power relations. The research uses a normative juridical method with a legislative and conceptual approach as well as descriptive-analytical specifications. The results of the study show that normative regulations on the protection of workers who are victims of work accidents are available, but their effectiveness is not yet optimal because regulatory changes after the Job Creation Law tend to expand employer flexibility, create potential for normative disharmony, and reinforce the imbalance in the bargaining position of workers in dispute resolution practices. The conclusion of the study confirms that legal protection has not been fully realized in substantive terms. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of the analysis of layoff regulations due to work accidents with the effectiveness of industrial relations dispute resolution mechanisms as a unified legal protection system. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaturan hukum pemutusan hubungan kerja akibat kecelakaan kerja serta efektivitas mekanisme penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial di Indonesia. Latar belakang penelitian didasarkan pada masih terjadinya pemutusan hubungan kerja terhadap pekerja korban kecelakaan kerja meskipun perlindungan normatif telah diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan untuk menilai apakah regulasi yang berlaku benar-benar memberikan perlindungan efektif, mengidentifikasi potensi disharmoni norma pasca berlakunya Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, serta menelaah posisi pekerja dalam relasi kuasa industrial. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual serta spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan perlindungan pekerja korban kecelakaan kerja telah tersedia secara normatif, namun efektivitasnya belum optimal karena perubahan regulasi pasca Cipta Kerja cenderung memperluas fleksibilitas pengusaha, memunculkan potensi disharmoni norma, serta memperkuat ketimpangan posisi tawar pekerja dalam praktik penyelesaian sengketa. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa perlindungan hukum belum sepenuhnya terwujud secara substantif. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi analisis pengaturan PHK akibat kecelakaan kerja dengan efektivitas mekanisme penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial sebagai satu kesatuan sistem perlindungan hukum.
Adaptabilitas Arbitrase Internasional dalam Sengketa Investasi: Studi Indonesia dan Singapura
This study examines the adaptability of international arbitration in resolving cross-border investment disputes between Indonesia and Singapore, focusing on Investor–State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) and investment agreement design. Using a qualitative normative juridical approach with comparative analysis of treaties, arbitral awards, regulations, and academic literature, the study identifies contrasting policy orientations. Indonesia demonstrates institutional adaptability through BIT termination and renegotiation, selective application of Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET), and gradual integration of investor due diligence obligations to safeguard regulatory sovereignty. In contrast, Singapore reflects normative adaptability by consistently applying FET, recognizing implied consent, and aligning remedial practices—such as interest awards—with international standards. The findings reveal two distinct yet complementary models of legal adaptability in international investment arbitration. This study contributes by offering a comparative and integrative framework linking normative, institutional, and remedial dimensions, providing insights for balancing investor protection, legal certainty, and state regulatory space in ASEAN investment governance. Penelitian ini mengkaji adaptabilitas arbitrase internasional dalam penyelesaian sengketa investasi lintas batas antara Indonesia dan Singapura dengan fokus pada Investor–State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) dan desain perjanjian investasi. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan studi komparatif terhadap perjanjian investasi, putusan arbitrase, regulasi, dan literatur akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia menampilkan adaptabilitas institusional melalui pembatalan dan renegosiasi BIT, penerapan selektif prinsip Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET), serta integrasi bertahap kewajiban uji tuntas investor guna menjaga kedaulatan regulasi. Sebaliknya, Singapura menunjukkan adaptabilitas normatif melalui konsistensi penerapan FET, pengakuan implied consent, serta harmonisasi praktik remedial dengan standar internasional. Penelitian ini menegaskan adanya dua model adaptabilitas hukum yang berbeda namun saling melengkapi, serta menawarkan kerangka komparatif integratif yang menghubungkan dimensi normatif, institusional, dan remedial untuk menyeimbangkan perlindungan investor, kepastian hukum, dan ruang kebijakan negara.
Batas Kewenangan Pengadilan dalam Pembatalan Putusan Arbitrase: Studi Kasus Akuisisi TPI
This research is motivated by the controversy surrounding the annulment of the arbitral award in the TPI acquisition case, which reveals a serious conflict between the principle of final and binding arbitration and judicial intervention that exceeds the limits of authority under Law No. 30 of 1999. The urgency of this study lies in the need to critically assess the fractured relationship between courts and arbitration, particularly when courts expand the interpretation of public order and disregard the kompetensi-kompetensi principle, thereby creating legal uncertainty for business actors. Using a normative juridical research method with qualitative analytical techniques based on case study and doctrinal interpretation, this study aims to identify the limits of judicial authority, map the forms of judicial overreach, and explain their implications for arbitral finality. The novelty of this research lies in its structural analysis of judicial practices in the TPI case, which have not been thoroughly examined in previous studies, as well as in its conceptual synthesis of authority theory, finality principles, and arbitral institutional design. The findings provide theoretical contributions by refining the understanding of the limits of judicial authority and offer practical benefits in the form of judicial and regulatory reform recommendations to strengthen the integrity of Indonesia’s arbitration system. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kontroversi pembatalan putusan arbitrase dalam kasus akuisisi TPI, yang memperlihatkan benturan serius antara asas final and binding arbitrase dengan praktik intervensi pengadilan yang melampaui batas kewenangan menurut UU 30/1999. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan untuk menilai secara kritis keretakan hubungan antara pengadilan dan arbitrase, terutama ketika pengadilan memperluas tafsir ketertiban umum dan mengabaikan prinsip-prinsip kompetensi hingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi pelaku usaha. Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan teknik analisis kualitatif berbasis studi kasus dan penafsiran doktrinal, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi batas kewenangan pengadilan, memetakan bentuk judicial overreach, serta menjelaskan implikasinya terhadap finalitas arbitrase. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis struktural terhadap praktik yudisial dalam perkara TPI yang selama ini belum diurai secara mendalam dalam penelitian terdahulu, serta sintesis konseptual antara teori kewenangan, asas finalitas, dan desain kelembagaan arbitrase. Hasil penelitian memberikan kontribusi teoretis berupa pemurnian pemahaman batas kewenangan pengadilan dan manfaat praktis berupa rekomendasi reformasi yudisial dan regulatif untuk memperkuat integritas sistem arbitrase Indonesia.
Asas Keseimbangan Terhadap Sengketa Royalti dan Izin Penggunaan Lagu Antara Ari Bias vs Agnes Mo
This study aims to interpret the principle of balance under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright (UUHC) through an analysis of the royalty dispute and song usage license between Ari Bias and Agnes Mo. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory and case approaches, positioning the dispute as a test case to examine the accuracy of normative interpretation. The findings indicate that the dispute constitutes a form of compound infringement that simultaneously violates economic rights through the use of the work without royalty payments and moral rights through the disregard of the creator’s control over the use of the work. The analysis confirms that the principle of balance cannot be construed as a basis for limiting the creator’s exclusive rights, but rather as a rights-based balance that places exclusive rights as the default principle. The claim of “indirect contribution” lacks a legal basis to eliminate the obligation to obtain permission and pay royalties. The novelty of this study lies in the conceptual reconstruction of the principle of balance through the analysis of compound infringement in a concrete case, as well as its implications for legal certainty and the strengthening of Indonesia’s creative industry ecosystem. Penelitian ini bertujuan menafsirkan asas keseimbangan dalam Undang Undang Hak Cipta melalui analisis sengketa royalti dan izin penggunaan lagu antara Ari Bias dan Agnes Mo. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, menempatkan sengketa tersebut sebagai test case untuk menguji ketepatan interpretasi norma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sengketa ini merupakan bentuk compound infringement yang secara simultan melanggar hak ekonomi melalui penggunaan karya tanpa pembayaran royalti serta hak moral melalui pengabaian kontrol pencipta atas penggunaan karya. Analisis menegaskan bahwa asas keseimbangan tidak dapat dimaknai sebagai dasar pembatasan hak eksklusif pencipta, melainkan sebagai prinsip berbasis hak (rights-based balance) yang menempatkan hak eksklusif sebagai prinsip dasar (default principle). Klaim “kontribusi tidak langsung” tidak memiliki dasar hukum untuk menghapus kewajiban memperoleh izin dan membayar royalti. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada rekonstruksi konseptual asas keseimbangan melalui analisis compound infringement dalam konteks kasus konkret, serta implikasinya terhadap kepastian hukum dan penguatan ekosistem industri kreatif Indonesia.
Kepastian Hukum Pembinaan Disiplin PPPK Dalam Tata Kelola Kepegawaian Daerah
This study aims to analyze the implementation of disciplinary development for Government Employees with Work Agreements (PPPK) within the Central Java Provincial Government and to identify constraints and improvement strategies based on Central Java Governor Regulation No. 19 of 2023 on the Discipline of State Civil Apparatus Employees. The research applies a normative-empirical method through a statutory approach and field study, including interviews with the Regional Personnel Agency and analysis of PPPK disciplinary practices. The findings show that disciplinary development remains suboptimal, as it is still administratively oriented and not fully based on substantive supervision by Direct Supervisors. Key constraints include limited understanding of disciplinary norms, weak supervisory roles, attendance system disruptions, and welfare disparities between civil servants and PPPK affecting compliance. The study’s novelty lies in developing a conceptual framework centered on strengthening the role of Direct Supervisors, integrated with preventive and corrective mechanisms. It recommends enhanced normative socialization, stronger supervisory accountability, improved attendance systems, and proportional reward and punishment. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pelaksanaan pembinaan disiplin Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja (PPPK) di lingkungan Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah serta mengidentifikasi kendala dan formulasi solusi pembinaannya berdasarkan Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Tengah Nomor 19 Tahun 2023 tentang Disiplin Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara. Metode yang digunakan adalah normatif-empiris melalui pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan studi lapangan berupa wawancara pada Badan Kepegawaian Daerah serta analisis praktik pembinaan disiplin PPPK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembinaan disiplin PPPK belum optimal karena masih berorientasi administratif dan belum berbasis pengawasan substantif oleh Atasan Langsung. Kendala utama meliputi rendahnya pemahaman norma disiplin, lemahnya pengawasan Atasan Langsung, gangguan sistem presensi, serta kesenjangan kesejahteraan antara PNS dan PPPK yang memengaruhi kepatuhan disiplin. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada pengembangan kerangka konseptual pembinaan disiplin berbasis penguatan peran Atasan Langsung yang terintegrasi dengan mekanisme preventif dan korektif. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan sosialisasi normatif, akuntabilitas Atasan Langsung, perbaikan sistem presensi, serta penerapan reward and punishment yang proporsional.
Implementasi Bantuan Sosial Berbasis DTKS untuk Akurasi Penerima di Kota Semarang
This study analyzes the implementation of social assistance distribution in Semarang City based on the Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS) through the SIKS-NG application and formulates solutions to address mistargeted beneficiaries. Using an empirical juridical approach supported by statutory analysis and a descriptive–analytical research design, primary data were obtained from interviews with village officials, distribution officers, and beneficiaries, while secondary data were collected through literature studies. The findings show that the distribution process continues to encounter problems of data inaccuracy, including the inclusion of deceased individuals, residents who have relocated without updating their civil records, and financially capable individuals who still receive social assistance. These issues are compounded by infrequent data updates, weak interagency coordination, and low public literacy regarding mandatory reporting of demographic and economic changes. The study’s novelty lies in proposing an integrated early verification–validation model and a systematic DTKS updating mechanism designed to enhance accountability, data accuracy, and targeting effectiveness in local social assistance programs. Penelitian ini menganalisis pelaksanaan penyaluran bantuan sosial di Kota Semarang berdasarkan Data Terpadu Kesejahteraan Sosial (DTKS) melalui aplikasi SIKS-NG serta merumuskan solusi untuk mengatasi ketidaktepatan sasaran penerima. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris yang didukung analisis peraturan perundang-undangan dengan desain penelitian deskriptif–analitis. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan perangkat kelurahan, petugas penyalur, dan penerima bantuan, sedangkan data sekunder dihimpun melalui studi literatur. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penyaluran masih menghadapi masalah ketidakakuratan data, termasuk tercatatnya individu yang telah meninggal dunia, warga yang pindah tanpa memperbarui data kependudukan, serta masyarakat yang secara ekonomi mampu namun tetap menerima bantuan sosial. Permasalahan tersebut diperburuk oleh minimnya pembaruan data, lemahnya koordinasi antarinstansi, dan rendahnya literasi publik terkait kewajiban pelaporan perubahan kondisi demografis maupun ekonomi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada usulan model verifikasi–validasi dini yang terintegrasi serta mekanisme pembaruan DTKS yang lebih sistematis untuk memperkuat akuntabilitas, akurasi data, dan efektivitas penargetan dalam program bantuan sosial daerah.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal Juridisch https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Penegakan Disiplin Pelanggaran Tidak Dinas dan Efektivitas Sanksi Anggota Polda Jateng
This study aims to analyze the enforcement of discipline for non-service violations committed by members of the Central Java Regional Police based on Government Regulation No. 2 of 2003, as well as to assess the effectiveness of the disciplinary sanctions imposed. The research method used is empirical legal research with a case approach, supported by primary data through interviews and secondary data through literature studies. The results show that disciplinary enforcement for non-service violations in the Central Java Regional Police has been carried out in accordance with the provisions of the legislation, with the application of proportional sanctions accompanied by ongoing guidance and supervision. The core findings of this study indicate that disciplinary sanctions not only serve as an instrument of punishment but are also effective in preventing repeat violations and encouraging increased discipline among members. The novelty of this research lies in its empirical analysis of the effectiveness of disciplinary sanctions for non-service violations as an instrument of internal guidance, which has rarely been specifically examined in previous studies. This study concludes that consistent enforcement of discipline and strengthening of the internal legal culture are key factors in improving the professionalism and integrity of Polri members. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penegakan disiplin terhadap pelanggaran tidak dinas yang dilakukan oleh anggota Polda Jawa Tengah berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 2 Tahun 2003, serta menilai efektivitas sanksi disiplin yang dijatuhkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kasus, yang didukung oleh data primer melalui wawancara dan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan disiplin terhadap pelanggaran tidak dinas di Polda Jawa Tengah telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, dengan penerapan sanksi yang bersifat proporsional dan disertai pembinaan serta pengawasan berkelanjutan. Temuan inti penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sanksi disiplin tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai instrumen penghukuman, tetapi juga efektif dalam mencegah pelanggaran berulang dan mendorong peningkatan kedisiplinan anggota. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis empiris terhadap efektivitas sanksi disiplin pelanggaran tidak dinas sebagai instrumen pembinaan internal, yang masih jarang dikaji secara spesifik dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa konsistensi penegakan disiplin dan penguatan budaya hukum internal merupakan faktor kunci dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme dan integritas anggota Polri.
Analisis Putusan Hakim Dalam Pembatalan Akta Risalah Lelang
This study examines the judicial reasoning underlying the cancellation of Auction Minute Deed Number 1352 year 2010 and analyzes the resulting legal consequences along with the legal protection afforded to auction winners affected by the annulment. The urgency of this research arises from the legal uncertainty that occurs when an auction declared valid under administrative procedure is subsequently cancelled by a court decision, thereby altering the rights and obligations of debtors, creditors, and good faith buyers. Using a normative juridical method through statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this study draws upon first instance, appellate, and cassation court decisions as primary legal materials. The findings show that the judges cancelled the auction minute deed on the basis of an unlawful act, particularly the creditor’s failure to comply with legal procedures in determining the limit price and the violation of propriety and fairness principles. The legal consequences include the restitution of land rights to the debtor, the nullification of the auction winner’s ownership rights, and the creditor’s obligation to return the auction proceeds. Legal protection for the auction winner is available through the right to seek compensation from the creditor provided that the buyer can demonstrate good faith. This study highlights the need to harmonize justice, utility, and legal certainty in the implementation and judicial review of secured property auctions. Penelitian ini mengkaji pertimbangan yudisial yang mendasari pembatalan Risalah Lelang Nomor 1352 tahun 2010 serta menganalisis konsekuensi hukum yang ditimbulkan dan bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pemenang lelang yang terdampak oleh pembatalan tersebut. Urgensi penelitian ini muncul dari ketidakpastian hukum yang terjadi ketika suatu lelang yang secara administratif dinyatakan sah kemudian dibatalkan melalui putusan pengadilan sehingga mengubah posisi hak dan kewajiban debitor, kreditor, dan pembeli beritikad baik. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, penelitian ini memanfaatkan putusan pengadilan tingkat pertama, banding, dan kasasi sebagai bahan hukum primer. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim membatalkan risalah lelang berdasarkan adanya perbuatan melawan hukum terutama karena kreditor tidak mematuhi prosedur hukum dalam penetapan harga limit serta melanggar prinsip kepatutan dan keadilan. Konsekuensi hukum dari pembatalan tersebut meliputi pemulihan hak atas tanah kepada debitor, hapusnya hak kepemilikan pemenang lelang, dan kewajiban kreditor untuk mengembalikan hasil lelang. Perlindungan hukum bagi pemenang lelang tersedia melalui hak untuk menuntut ganti rugi kepada kreditor sepanjang pembeli dapat membuktikan iktikad baik. Penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya harmonisasi antara keadilan, kemanfaatan, dan kepastian hukum dalam pelaksanaan dan pengujian yudisial terhadap lelang atas benda jaminan.
Harmonisasi Hukum Positif dalam Pengaturan Alat Kelengkapan DPRD
This study analyzes the regulation of council apparatus in the Regional People's Representative Council of Demak Regency and formulates an ideal model for harmonizing Indonesia’s positive law. The research background concerns the disharmony among several legal instruments, especially the MD3 Law, the Regional Government Law, and Government Regulation Number 12 of 2018, which undermines the effectiveness of the council in carrying out its legislative, oversight, and budgetary functions. The urgency lies in the need for an integrated legal system to prevent conflicting interpretations and overlapping authority. Using a normative juridical method with conceptual and descriptive analytical approaches, this study evaluates statutory documents and the institutional practices of the Demak council. The findings reveal a clear discrepancy between das sollen and das sein characterized by weak inter organ coordination and functional disharmony. The novelty of this study lies in proposing a harmonization model that integrates vertical, horizontal, and functional approaches grounded in the principle of socio equilibrium which aligns legal structure with institutional realities. The study concludes that revising the council’s internal regulations, strengthening institutional capacity, and issuing national guidelines for legal harmonization are essential steps. Key recommendations include preparing an academic manuscript on harmonization, improving institutional training, and encouraging meaningful public participation. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaturan mengenai perangkat dewan pada Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Demak serta merumuskan model ideal untuk harmonisasi hukum positif Indonesia. Latar belakang penelitian ini berkaitan dengan disharmoni berbagai instrumen hukum, khususnya Undang Undang MD3, Undang Undang Pemerintahan Daerah, dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 2018 yang melemahkan efektivitas DPRD dalam menjalankan fungsi legislasi, pengawasan, dan penganggaran. Urgensi penelitian terletak pada kebutuhan membangun sistem hukum terpadu guna mencegah perbedaan penafsiran dan tumpang tindih kewenangan. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan konseptual dan deskriptif analitis, penelitian ini mengevaluasi dokumen peraturan perundang-undangan dan praktik kelembagaan DPRD Demak. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara das sollen dan das sein yang tercermin dari lemahnya koordinasi antarlembaga dan disharmoni fungsi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada model harmonisasi yang memadukan pendekatan vertikal, horizontal, dan fungsional berdasarkan prinsip socio equilibrium yang menyelaraskan struktur hukum dengan realitas kelembagaan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa revisi peraturan internal DPRD, penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan, dan penerbitan pedoman nasional tentang harmonisasi hukum merupakan langkah penting. Rekomendasi utama mencakup penyusunan naskah akademik harmonisasi, peningkatan pelatihan kelembagaan, dan mendorong partisipasi publik secara substansial.
Pertimbangan Putusan Hakim Pra Peradilan Mengenai Sah Tidaknya Penetapan Tersangka
This study examines the scope of judicial authority in adjudicating pretrial motions, the underlying judicial reasoning concerning the validity of suspect determinations, and the ensuing legal implications, with a specific focus on Decision No. 1/Pid.Pra/2024/PN Unr. The urgency of this inquiry emerges from the imperative to safeguard human rights and prevent the misuse of state power in law enforcement, particularly after Constitutional Court Decision No. 21/PUU-XII/2014 broadened the jurisdiction of pretrial mechanisms. Employing a normative juridical method combined with statutory and case approaches, the analysis adopts a qualitative lens to assess judicial interpretations and practices. The findings reveal that the pretrial judge upheld the legality of the suspect determination on the basis of adequate preliminary evidence and the circumstance of being caught in flagrante delicto. The study underscores that judicial reasoning in such cases remains predominantly formalistic, often neglecting substantive justice and thereby generating inconsistencies in legal standards. Within this context, pretrial proceedings are positioned as a vital judicial safeguard against investigative arbitrariness, yet they continue to face the complex task of reconciling legal certainty with equitable justice. By engaging Hans Kelsen’s theory of legal certainty and Gustav Radbruch’s concept of justice, this research offers a critical reflection on the philosophical underpinnings of pretrial review. It calls for the establishment of standardized judicial guidelines, clearer jurisprudential direction from the Supreme Court, and enhanced integrity among law enforcement agencies to ensure that pretrial institutions genuinely function as instruments of justice and human rights protection. Penelitian ini mengkaji kewenangan hakim dalam memeriksa permohonan praperadilan, pertimbangan yuridis terhadap keabsahan penetapan tersangka, serta akibat hukum dari putusan tersebut, dengan studi kasus pada Putusan Nomor 1/Pid.Pra/2024/PN Unr. Urgensi penelitian ini berangkat dari pentingnya perlindungan hak asasi manusia dan pencegahan penyalahgunaan kewenangan aparat penegak hukum, terutama pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XII/2014 yang memperluas ruang lingkup kewenangan praperadilan. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan kasus, serta analisis kualitatif terhadap pertimbangan hukum hakim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim praperadilan menyatakan penetapan tersangka sah dengan alasan adanya bukti permulaan yang cukup serta kondisi tertangkap tangan (in flagrante delicto). Meskipun demikian, pertimbangan hakim masih cenderung bersifat formalistik dan belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan keadilan substantif, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakkonsistenan dalam standar objektif penilaian. Dalam konteks ini, praperadilan memiliki posisi strategis sebagai mekanisme kontrol yudisial terhadap tindakan penyidikan, namun tetap menghadapi tantangan dalam menyeimbangkan kepastian hukum dengan keadilan yang substansial. Dengan merujuk pada teori kepastian hukum Hans Kelsen dan teori keadilan Gustav Radbruch, penelitian ini memberikan refleksi kritis atas fondasi filosofis praperadilan di Indonesia. Ditekankan perlunya pedoman peradilan yang terstandardisasi, penguatan arah yurisprudensi oleh Mahkamah Agung, serta peningkatan integritas aparat penegak hukum agar lembaga praperadilan benar-benar berfungsi sebagai instrumen keadilan dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia.
Penegakan Tanggung Jawab Hukum Polres RembangDalam Rekayasa Lalu Lintas di Jalur Pantura
This study aims to analyze the legal responsibility of the Rembang Police in implementing traffic engineering on the Pantura Highway and to identify the challenges encountered in its enforcement. The research is motivated by the increasing traffic complexity along the Pantura route, which significantly impacts logistics distribution, road safety, and public trust in law enforcement institutions. The urgency of this study lies in assessing the extent to which the police fulfill their mandate under Article 13 paragraph (1) of Law No. 22 of 2009, not merely as an administrative duty but as a reflection of public legal accountability. Using a normative juridical method combined with a qualitative approach, this study draws on secondary data from legislation, academic literature, and official police reports. The findings reveal that while the Rembang Police have implemented several traffic engineering strategies, these efforts remain constrained by limited human resources, weak inter-agency coordination, and inadequate infrastructure. The novelty of this research lies in its exploration of the institutional accountability dimension of the police in traffic engineering, a perspective often overlooked in studies that predominantly address technical and operational aspects. The study concludes that strengthening institutional capacity within the police is crucial, encompassing short-term measures such as human resource and infrastructure improvements, as well as long-term strategies including integrated data systems, institutional reform, and enhanced public participation to ensure effective, equitable, and sustainable traffic management along the Pantura Highway. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertanggungjawaban hukum Kepolisian Resor Rembang dalam pelaksanaan rekayasa lalu lintas di Jalan Pantura serta mengidentifikasi berbagai tantangan yang dihadapi dalam penegakannya. Kompleksitas lalu lintas di jalur Pantura yang secara langsung memengaruhi kelancaran distribusi logistik, keselamatan pengguna jalan, dan tingkat kepercayaan publik terhadap institusi kepolisian. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada upaya menilai sejauh mana kepolisian memenuhi mandatnya sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 13 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009, bukan semata sebagai kewajiban administratif, melainkan sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum kepada publik. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder yang berasal dari peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur, serta laporan resmi kepolisian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kepolisian Resor Rembang telah menerapkan berbagai strategi rekayasa lalu lintas, namun implementasinya masih terkendala oleh keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, lemahnya koordinasi antarinstansi, serta kurang memadai­nya infrastruktur pendukung. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penekanan terhadap dimensi akuntabilitas kelembagaan kepolisian dalam rekayasa lalu lintas, yang jarang dibahas dalam penelitian sebelumnya yang lebih berfokus pada aspek teknis dan operasional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan kepolisian menjadi hal yang mendesak, baik melalui langkah jangka pendek berupa peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia dan infrastruktur, maupun langkah jangka panjang berupa integrasi data, reformasi kelembagaan, serta pelibatan masyarakat untuk mewujudkan sistem rekayasa lalu lintas di Pantura yang efektif, adil, dan berkelanjutan.
Asas Legalitas dan Lex Temporis Delicti Dalam Reformasi KUHP Indonesia
This study critically examines the existence and implementation of the principles of legality and lex temporis delicti within Indonesia’s criminal law codification policy through a comparative analysis of the old Criminal Code (KUHP), the new KUHP, and the criminal law systems of the Continental and Anglo-Saxon traditions. The urgency of this research arises from the fundamental shift in Indonesia’s penal paradigm following the enactment of the new KUHP, particularly the expanded interpretation of legality through the recognition of living law and the adoption of the lex mitior principle as a progressive exception to lex temporis delicti. Employing a normative legal methodology with statutory and comparative approaches, this study analyzes primary and secondary legal materials to assess the doctrinal coherence and policy implications of these developments. The findings demonstrate that the new KUHP marks a departure from classical legalism toward a more adaptive and socially responsive framework oriented toward human rights protection. The legality principle is recontextualized through the broadening of legitimate legal sources, while lex temporis delicti is recalibrated to accommodate substantive justice by integrating lex mitior. The novelty of this study lies in its integrative analysis that combines normative, comparative, and codification-policy perspectives, revealing Indonesia’s current transition toward a more humanistic, contextual, and internationally aligned model of criminal law. Penelitian ini menganalisis secara kritis eksistensi dan penerapan asas legalitas serta lex temporis delicti dalam politik kodifikasi hukum pidana Indonesia melalui kajian komparatif terhadap KUHP lama, KUHP baru, dan sistem hukum pidana tradisi kontinental serta Anglo-Saxon. Urgensi penelitian ini muncul dari perubahan paradigma pemidanaan yang mendasar setelah disahkannya KUHP baru, khususnya terkait perluasan makna asas legalitas melalui pengakuan living law dan penerapan prinsip lex mitior sebagai pengecualian progresif terhadap lex temporis delicti. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan perbandingan hukum, penelitian ini menganalisis bahan hukum primer dan sekunder untuk menilai koherensi doktrinal serta implikasi kebijakan dari perkembangan tersebut. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KUHP baru menandai pergeseran dari legalisme klasik menuju kerangka hukum pidana yang lebih adaptif dan responsif terhadap perkembangan sosial serta berorientasi pada perlindungan HAM. Asas legalitas direkontekstualisasikan melalui perluasan sumber hukum yang diakui, sedangkan lex temporis delicti dikalibrasi ulang untuk mengakomodasi keadilan substantif melalui integrasi lex mitior. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis integratif yang memadukan perspektif normatif, komparatif, dan politik kodifikasi, yang mengungkap bahwa sistem hukum pidana Indonesia sedang berada dalam masa transisi menuju model yang lebih humanistik, kontekstual, dan selaras dengan standar hukum internasional.
Paradoks Hukum Perdagangan Indonesia: Antara Green Economy dan Ekspor Sumber Daya Alam yang Eksploitatif
This study aims to analyze and formulate legal strategies that reconcile Indonesia’s natural resource (NR) export interests with its commitment to sustainable development as outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research is driven by the escalating tension between short-term economic growth fueled by raw commodity exports and the global imperatives of environmental sustainability and green economy transition. Employing a normative juridical method combined with qualitative analysis, this study critically examines the substance and implementation of the Job Creation Law, the Mining Law, and the Plantation Law, assessing their coherence with principles of ecological justice, environmental governance, and green trade. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s current regulatory framework remains sectoral and predominantly economistic, lacking substantive integration of sustainability principles and resulting in regulatory fragmentation across sectors. The novelty of this research lies in its conceptual synthesis of international trade law, environmental law, and SDGs into a unified legal development framework, supported by a transformative reform model aimed at embedding sustainability into national legal systems. This study concludes that ecological mainstreaming, institutional harmonization, adoption of green-certified export instruments, and the incorporation of Islamic legal values and local wisdom in resource governance are essential to achieving ecological justice and intergenerational equity in Indonesia’s natural resource management. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan merumuskan strategi hukum yang mampu menyeimbangkan kepentingan ekspor sumber daya alam (SDA) Indonesia dengan komitmen terhadap pembangunan berkelanjutan sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Urgensi penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya ketegangan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi jangka pendek yang didorong oleh ekspor komoditas mentah dan tuntutan global terhadap keberlanjutan lingkungan serta transisi menuju ekonomi hijau. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang dipadukan dengan analisis kualitatif untuk mengkaji substansi dan implementasi tiga regulasi utama Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, Undang-Undang Minerba, dan Undang-Undang Perkebunan serta menilai kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip keadilan ekologis, tata kelola lingkungan, dan standar perdagangan hijau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rezim regulasi nasional masih bersifat sektoral dan ekonomistik, belum sepenuhnya mengintegrasikan prinsip keberlanjutan secara substantif, dan menimbulkan konflik pengaturan lintas sektor. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada sintesis konseptual antara hukum perdagangan internasional, hukum lingkungan, dan SDGs dalam satu kerangka pembangunan hukum yang terpadu, disertai model reformasi hukum transformatif untuk mengarusutamakan keberlanjutan dalam sistem hukum nasional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengarusutamaan ekologi, harmonisasi kelembagaan lintas sektor, penerapan instrumen ekspor bersertifikat hijau, serta pengintegrasian nilai-nilai hukum Islam dan kearifan lokal dalam tata kelola sumber daya alam merupakan langkah strategis menuju keadilan ekologis dan tanggung jawab antargenerasi dalam pengelolaan SDA Indonesia.
Pelanggaran Implementasi AMDAL Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pencemaran Air di Pulau Jawa
This study examines the implementation of legal protection against water pollution caused by violations of the Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) requirements within the environmental licensing process in Java. The urgency of this research arises from the increasing degradation of water quality resulting from business actors’ non-compliance with ecological management commitments, weak governmental oversight, and inadequate enforcement of environmental regulations. Using a socio-legal research method with a descriptive-analytical approach, data were collected through field observations, interviews with governmental officials and affected communities, and a review of statutory regulations and AMDAL documents. The findings reveal that AMDAL preparation and implementation are frequently treated as mere administrative formalities, undermining their preventive function in environmental protection. Violations of AMDAL obligations significantly contribute to water pollution in industrial regions across Java. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive mapping of factors contributing to AMDAL implementation violations, their legal implications, and the proposed framework for strengthening AMDAL as a substantive environmental protection instrument. Penelitian ini menganalisis pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum terhadap pencemaran air yang timbul akibat pelanggaran implementasi Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (AMDAL) dalam proses perizinan lingkungan di Pulau Jawa. Urgensi penelitian muncul dari meningkatnya pencemaran air yang bersumber dari ketidakpatuhan pelaku usaha terhadap komitmen pengelolaan lingkungan, lemahnya pengawasan pemerintah, serta ketidaktegasan penegakan hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis sosiologis dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara dengan aparat pemerintah dan masyarakat terdampak, serta kajian kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dan dokumen AMDAL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyusunan dan implementasi AMDAL seringkali diperlakukan sebagai formalitas administratif, sehingga tidak mampu berfungsi sebagai instrumen pencegahan pencemaran. Pelanggaran implementasi AMDAL terbukti menjadi faktor signifikan meningkatnya pencemaran air di beberapa daerah industri. Novelty penelitian ini terletak pada pemetaan komprehensif faktor penyebab pelanggaran implementasi AMDAL beserta analisis akibat hukumnya, serta rekomendasi penguatan instrumen AMDAL sebagai alat perlindungan lingkungan yang substantif.
Koperasi sebagai Pilar Pengadaan Makanan Bergizi Gratis
This study aims to analyze the actual conditions of consumer cooperatives’ participation in the Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program in Semarang City and to identify the inhibiting and supporting factors influencing the optimization of their role within the program. The research is motivated by the limited engagement of cooperatives in the MBG initiative, despite their substantial potential as community-based economic institutions. The urgency of this study lies in the necessity to develop strategies that empower cooperatives as strategic partners in providing nutritious food, particularly in addressing challenges of child nutrition and unequal access to healthy meals. Employing a normative method combined with a qualitative approach based on secondary data and legal framework analysis, the study examines both regulatory and practical dimensions. The findings indicate that among the 15 cooperatives analyzed, only 26.7% had ever participated in school meal provision, and such involvement remained incidental and unsystematic. The novelty of this research underscores the redefinition of cooperatives’ roles—not merely as economic actors but as integral pillars in fostering sustainable school-based food security. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for affirmative policies, improved technical capacity, greater access to flexible financing, and stronger collaboration among government institutions, schools, and cooperatives to establish an inclusive and resilient ecosystem for nutritious food provision. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi aktual keterlibatan koperasi konsumen dalam Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) di Kota Semarang serta mengidentifikasi faktor penghambat dan pendukung dalam optimalisasi peran koperasi pada program tersebut. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada masih terbatasnya partisipasi koperasi dalam program MBG, meskipun koperasi memiliki potensi besar sebagai lembaga ekonomi kerakyatan. Urgensi penelitian terletak pada perlunya strategi penguatan koperasi agar mampu berperan sebagai mitra strategis dalam penyediaan makanan bergizi, khususnya di tengah tantangan gizi anak dan ketimpangan akses terhadap pangan sehat. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan analisis kualitatif berbasis data sekunder dan kajian kerangka hukum untuk menelaah aspek regulatif dan praktik pelaksanaannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 15 koperasi yang dikaji, hanya 26,7% yang pernah terlibat dalam penyediaan makanan bagi sekolah, dan keterlibatan tersebut masih bersifat insidental serta belum terstruktur. Kebaruan penelitian ini menekankan perlunya redefinisi peran koperasi, bukan hanya sebagai entitas ekonomi, tetapi juga sebagai pilar penting dalam pembangunan ketahanan pangan sekolah yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan pentingnya kebijakan afirmatif, peningkatan kapasitas teknis koperasi, perluasan akses pembiayaan yang fleksibel, serta penguatan sinergi antara pemerintah, sekolah, dan koperasi guna membangun ekosistem penyediaan pangan bergizi yang inklusif dan berdaya tahan.
Eksekusi Jaminan Sertifikat Tanpa Hak Tanggungan: Perlindungan Hukum bagi Kreditur
This study aims to analyze the execution mechanism of collateral certificates bound by a deed of debt acknowledgment without mortgage security rights and to identify the normative and practical obstacles involved. The issue arises from the common practice of using debt acknowledgment deeds without the imposition of mortgage rights, where the absence of executorial power may weaken legal protection for creditors in cases of debtor default. The research employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical specification, using primary legal materials in the fields of mortgage law, civil procedural law, and notarial law, as well as secondary materials from legal literature and scholarly works. Data were analyzed qualitatively through normative and systematic interpretation. The findings indicate that without a mortgage certificate, a debt acknowledgment deed lacks executorial force; therefore, collateral enforcement must proceed through non-executorial mechanisms, such as mediation, civil litigation, or private sale, resulting in a longer and more costly execution process. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme pelaksanaan eksekusi jaminan sertifikat yang diikat dengan akta pengakuan utang tanpa hak tanggungan serta mengidentifikasi hambatan normatif dan praktis yang menyertainya. Permasalahan penelitian berangkat dari praktik penggunaan akta pengakuan utang tanpa pembebanan hak tanggungan yang masih sering terjadi, sementara ketiadaan kekuatan eksekutorial berpotensi melemahkan perlindungan hukum kreditur ketika debitur wanprestasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis, menggunakan bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan di bidang hak tanggungan, hukum acara perdata, dan jabatan notaris, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur dan karya ilmiah hukum. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui penafsiran normatif dan sistematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanpa sertifikat hak tanggungan, akta pengakuan utang tidak memiliki kekuatan eksekutorial, sehingga eksekusi jaminan harus ditempuh melalui mekanisme non-eksekutorial, seperti mediasi, gugatan perdata, atau penjualan di bawah tangan, yang menyebabkan proses lebih panjang dan berbiaya tinggi.
Perlindungan Hukum Korban Phishing: Analisis Kriminologi dan Efektivitas Regulasi di Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the criminological factors underlying phishing cybercrime and to assess the effectiveness of legal protection for victims of personal data theft in Indonesia. The core issue lies in the persistence of phishing despite existing legal instruments, indicating a gap between crime etiology and regulatory effectiveness. Academic discourse has largely focused on normative and technical aspects, while criminological analysis of offender motivation and opportunity structures remains limited. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. Criminological analysis applies strain theory to explain socio-economic pressures as offender motivations and routine activity theory to examine the interaction between motivated offenders, suitable targets, and weak digital guardianship. The findings reveal that phishing expands due to low-risk economic rationality, digital system vulnerabilities, and limited public literacy and supervision. Although regulated under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and the Personal Data Protection Law, legal protection remains suboptimal due to evidentiary challenges and low enforcement probability. Integrating criminological perspectives is essential to strengthen both preventive and repressive strategies. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor kriminologis penyebab phishing cybercrime serta menilai efektivitas perlindungan hukum bagi korban pencurian data pribadi di Indonesia. Permasalahan terletak pada masih maraknya phishing meskipun instrumen hukum telah tersedia, yang menunjukkan kesenjangan antara etiologi kejahatan dan efektivitas regulasi. Kajian akademik selama ini cenderung normatif dan teknis, sementara analisis mengenai motivasi pelaku dan struktur peluang kejahatan masih terbatas. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Analisis kriminologis menggunakan strain theory untuk menjelaskan tekanan sosial-ekonomi sebagai motif pelaku serta routine activity theory untuk mengkaji interaksi antara pelaku termotivasi, target rentan, dan lemahnya pengawasan digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa phishing berkembang karena rasionalitas ekonomi berisiko rendah, kerentanan sistem digital, serta rendahnya literasi dan pengawasan. Meskipun telah diatur dalam UU ITE dan UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi, efektivitas perlindungan hukum belum optimal akibat kendala pembuktian digital dan rendahnya probabilitas penindakan. Integrasi pendekatan kriminologi diperlukan guna memperkuat pencegahan dan penegakan hukum.
Restorative Justice dalam Hukum Ketenagakerjaan: Jalan Baru Perlindungan bagi Pekerja Harian
This study examines the legal protection afforded to workers under Daily Work Agreements (Perjanjian Kerja Harian or PKH) in relation to compensation entitlement. The research is grounded in the growing vulnerability of PKH workers, who frequently lose their normative rights due to regulatory ambiguities exploited by employers. The urgency of this issue lies in the necessity to reinterpret labor law norms to achieve justice and fairness for daily workers. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches supported by literature analysis, this study explores the alignment between legal doctrine and labor practices. The findings reveal that PKH workers continuously employed are de facto entitled to compensation equivalent to that of fixed-term contract workers (PKWT), yet many employers intentionally disregard this obligation. The novelty of this research lies in introducing restorative justice into labor law discourse, positioning compensation not merely as an administrative requirement but as a mechanism to restore workers’ rights and rebalance unequal industrial relations. The study concludes that progressive reinterpretation of labor regulations is essential, supported by the assertiveness of industrial relations judges in enforcing substantive justice. Strengthening labor inspection mechanisms, ensuring transparent PKH documentation, and enhancing workers’ legal literacy are crucial to achieving equitable and sustainable labor protection. Penelitian ini mengkaji bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja dengan Perjanjian Kerja Harian (PKH) terkait hak atas kompensasi. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari meningkatnya kerentanan pekerja PKH yang kerap kehilangan hak normatifnya akibat celah regulasi yang dimanfaatkan oleh pemberi kerja. Urgensi penelitian terletak pada perlunya penafsiran ulang terhadap norma hukum ketenagakerjaan untuk mewujudkan keadilan dan keseimbangan bagi pekerja harian. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan tinjauan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif yang didukung oleh studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pekerja PKH yang dipekerjakan secara terus-menerus pada hakikatnya (de facto) berhak atas kompensasi yang setara dengan pekerja Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (PKWT), namun banyak pemberi kerja yang dengan sengaja mengabaikan kewajiban tersebut. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penerapan konsep restorative justice dalam hukum ketenagakerjaan, yang menempatkan kompensasi bukan semata sebagai kewajiban administratif, melainkan sebagai instrumen pemulihan hak dan penyeimbang relasi industrial yang timpang. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa reinterpretasi progresif terhadap regulasi ketenagakerjaan perlu dilakukan, disertai keberanian hakim hubungan industrial dalam menegakkan keadilan substantif. Penguatan mekanisme pengawasan ketenagakerjaan, transparansi dokumentasi PKH, serta peningkatan literasi hukum pekerja menjadi langkah penting untuk mewujudkan perlindungan ketenagakerjaan yang berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan.
Konstruksi Hukum Kewenangan Pengadilan Agama Dalam Penetapan Wali Adhal Menurut Sistem Peradilan Agama
This study aims to examine the authority of the religious court in determining a wali adhal (a guardian who unjustifiably refuses to marry off a woman), with a case study on Decision Number 215/Pdt.P/2023/PA.Kdl. The research is grounded in the reality that, in practice, lineage guardians (wali nasab) are still found to refuse marriage without legitimate grounds under Islamic law, thereby obstructing women’s right to a lawful marriage. The study employs a normative juridical approach, analyzing court decisions alongside Islamic legal doctrines from the four schools of thought (mazhab). The findings reveal that the Kendal Religious Court has the authority to appoint a wali hakim (court-appointed guardian) as a substitute for a wali adhal, thereby ensuring legal protection for women and upholding the principles of justice and equality in marriage. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis of judicial reasoning that integrates a normative approach, Islamic doctrinal perspectives, and substantive justice—an area rarely explored in prior studies. The study concludes that religious court rulings in wali adhal cases serve as a crucial instrument in safeguarding women’s constitutional right to marry and establish a legitimate family. It further recommends strengthening the role of religious courts in handling such cases and promoting legal awareness within society regarding the limits of a lineage guardian’s authority. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kewenangan pengadilan agama dalam menetapkan wali adhal dengan studi kasus pada Putusan Nomor 215/Pdt.P/2023/PA.Kdl. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari kenyataan bahwa dalam praktiknya masih ditemukan wali nasab yang menolak menikahkan perempuan tanpa alasan yang sah menurut hukum Islam, sehingga menghambat hak perempuan untuk menikah secara sah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan analisis terhadap putusan pengadilan dan doktrin hukum Islam dari empat mazhab. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengadilan Agama Kendal memiliki kewenangan untuk menetapkan wali hakim sebagai pengganti wali adhal, guna menjamin perlindungan hukum bagi perempuan serta menegakkan prinsip keadilan dan kesetaraan dalam pernikahan. Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini terletak pada analisis komprehensif terhadap pertimbangan hakim yang memadukan pendekatan normatif, doktrinal Islam, dan keadilan substansial, yang belum banyak dikaji dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa putusan pengadilan agama dalam kasus wali adhal menjadi instrumen penting dalam menjaga hak konstitusional perempuan untuk menikah dan membentuk keluarga secara sah. Disarankan agar peran pengadilan agama diperkuat dalam menangani kasus-kasus serupa, serta perlunya sosialisasi hukum kepada masyarakat terkait batasan kewenangan wali nasab.
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Kebijakan Daerah Dalam Perlindungan Sosial bagi Pekerja Rentan
This study analyzes the exercise of authority by the Semarang City Government in providing employment social security protection for vulnerable workers including farmers, fishermen, parking attendants, and other informal sector workers, and develops responsive legal solutions to address the constraints that hinder effective implementation. Departing from earlier studies that focus primarily on national level regulation or abstract justice theories, this research presents novelty by combining an empirical evaluation of local policy performance with the analytical frameworks of Development Law Theory, Social Justice Theory, Policy Implementation Theory, Responsive Law, and Good Governance principles. Employing a socio legal method with a statute approach, the study draws on interviews, field observations, and document analysis involving vulnerable workers, the Manpower Office, and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The findings show that employment social security coverage reaches only fifteen percent of vulnerable workers due to the absence of specific local regulation, procedural rigidity within administrative systems, weak coordination among institutions, and limited public awareness and outreach. The study recommends the formulation of a dedicated Local Regulation, the simplification of registration procedures, the provision of subsidized contributions for vulnerable worker groups, and the establishment of a tripartite governance forum to enhance institutional capacity and ensure more effective welfare protection within Semarang City. Penelitian ini menganalisis pelaksanaan kewenangan Pemerintah Kota Semarang dalam memberikan perlindungan jaminan sosial ketenagakerjaan bagi pekerja rentan yang meliputi petani, nelayan, juru parkir, dan pekerja sektor informal lainnya, serta merumuskan solusi hukum yang responsif untuk mengatasi berbagai kendala yang menghambat efektivitas implementasi. Berbeda dari penelitian sebelumnya yang terutama berfokus pada regulasi tingkat nasional atau teori keadilan yang bersifat abstrak, penelitian ini menawarkan kebaruan melalui penggabungan evaluasi empiris terhadap kinerja kebijakan daerah dengan kerangka analitis Teori Hukum Pembangunan, Teori Keadilan Sosial, Teori Implementasi Kebijakan, Hukum Responsif, dan prinsip Tata Kelola Pemerintahan yang Baik. Dengan menggunakan metode socio legal melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, penelitian ini menghimpun data melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan analisis dokumen yang melibatkan pekerja rentan, Dinas Ketenagakerjaan, dan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cakupan perlindungan jaminan sosial ketenagakerjaan baru mencapai lima belas persen dari total pekerja rentan akibat ketiadaan regulasi daerah yang khusus mengatur perlindungan pekerja rentan, rigiditas prosedur administratif, lemahnya koordinasi antar lembaga, serta keterbatasan sosialisasi dan literasi publik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penyusunan Peraturan Daerah khusus, penyederhanaan prosedur pendaftaran, pemberian subsidi iuran bagi kelompok pekerja rentan, serta pembentukan forum tata kelola tripartit untuk memperkuat kapasitas kelembagaan dan memastikan perlindungan kesejahteraan yang lebih efektif bagi pekerja rentan di Kota Semarang.
Juridical Review Oo The Effectiveness of The Motor Vehicle Tax Receivables Collection Program in Semarang City
The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the effectiveness of the motor vehicle tax receivables collection program in Semarang City, as well as to determine and analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors for the effectiveness of the program. This research is a type of empirical juridical legal research with a statutory approach. The research specification uses descriptive analysis. The data in this study were obtained through interviews and literature studies and then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study explain that the effectiveness of the motor vehicle tax receivables collection program in Semarang City is marked by an increase in motor vehicle tax revenue compared to the same month period last year and a significant increase in revenue before the program was implemented. Supporting factors for the effectiveness of the motor vehicle tax receivables collection program in Semarang City are cooperation with other agencies and optimizing the use of technology, inhibiting factors are a lack of public awareness and technical obstacles such as data differences between motor vehicle data and vehicle owners. It is hoped that in the future, the collection program for motor vehicle tax receivables in Semarang City can continue to be improved by improving the data collection system for vehicles and vehicle owners to be more accurate, and increasing socialization to the public about the importance of paying taxes on time. In addition, increased coordination between related agencies is also expected to minimize technical obstacles that have been a hindrance. Thus, it is expected that motor vehicle tax revenue will be more optimal, and this program can run more effectively and efficiently.
Collaborative Governance in Urban Flood Management: A Legal Perspective from Semarang City
Indonesia is highly prone to disasters, particularly floods that cause extensive socio-economic losses. Semarang City ranks among the most vulnerable urban areas due to its low-lying topography, rapid urbanization, and diminishing water catchment capacity. This study addresses the gap between the increasing frequency of floods and the limited effectiveness of mitigation strategies, focusing mainly on physical infrastructure. Using an empirical juridical approach, this research examines flood mitigation strategies in Semarang City in accordance with Law No. 24 of 2007 by evaluating structural and non-structural measures and their implementation challenges. Primary data were obtained through interviews, complemented by secondary legal literature, and analyzed qualitatively. The results indicate that effective mitigation requires strengthened infrastructure, such as embankments, retention ponds, and pumps, and active community involvement through education, evacuation simulations, and social media outreach by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD). The study contributes a cross-sectoral collaboration model integrating government, communities, private actors, and modern technology. It recommends sustainable spatial planning, digital-based early warning systems, long-term financing mechanisms, and institutionalized community participation to build urban flood resilience.
Strategi Optimalisasi Penerimaan Pajak Daerah Di Kabupaten Demak
This study aims to analyze strategies for optimizing local tax revenues in Demak Regency, which play a strategic role as the primary source of financing for development and public services. The urgency of this research lies in evaluating the regional tax policies that have not yet been fully optimized, resulting in limited funds to cover government expenditures. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of optimization strategies, including updating tax data, utilizing information technology, improving service quality, and enforcing strict legal measures. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of inter-agency collaboration, particularly with the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency, as well as education and socialization programs to enhance taxpayer awareness and compliance. Employing a normative juridical approach supported by primary data from interviews and secondary data from statutory regulations, the findings reveal that optimization of tax revenues can be achieved through integrated information systems, stronger supervision, and incentive schemes for compliant taxpayers. These findings are expected to contribute to strengthening local tax policy and supporting the sustainable improvement of public welfare in Demak Regency. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi optimalisasi penerimaan pajak daerah di Kabupaten Demak yang memiliki peran strategis sebagai sumber utama pembiayaan pembangunan dan pelayanan publik. Urgensi penelitian terletak pada evaluasi terhadap kebijakan penerimaan pajak daerah yang belum optimal, sehingga berdampak pada keterbatasan dana untuk menutupi kebutuhan belanja pemerintah daerah. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis komprehensif mengenai strategi optimalisasi yang mencakup pemutakhiran data perpajakan, pemanfaatan teknologi informasi, peningkatan kualitas pelayanan, serta penegakan hukum yang tegas. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menekankan pentingnya kolaborasi lintas instansi, termasuk dengan Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Pendapatan Aset Daerah, serta edukasi dan sosialisasi untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepatuhan wajib pajak. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang didukung oleh data primer melalui wawancara dan data sekunder berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa optimalisasi penerimaan pajak dapat dicapai melalui integrasi sistem informasi, penguatan pengawasan, dan insentif bagi wajib pajak patuh. Temuan ini diharapkan memberikan kontribusi bagi penguatan kebijakan perpajakan daerah serta mendukung peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat Kabupaten Demak secara berkelanjutan.
Kewenangan Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia Daerah Jawa Tengah Dalam Pengawasan Siaran Iklan Kampanye Pemilu 2024 Di Televisi
This study aims to analyze the authority of the Regional Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPID) of Central Java in supervising television broadcasts of campaign advertisements for the 2024 General Election. The urgency of this research lies in the ongoing violations of broadcast neutrality, which have the potential to influence public opinion and undermine the quality of democracy. The method employed is normative juridical with a statutory approach, supported by interview data from KPID Central Java. The findings indicate that KPID’s authority complies with the eight principles of legality and has proven to be fairly effective through the fulfillment of five factors in broadcast law enforcement. This study differs from previous research as it specifically evaluates the role of KPID in the context of the 2024 Election and the challenges posed by contemporary broadcasting regulations. In conclusion, KPID’s supervision contributes to the creation of democratic and high-quality broadcasts, although institutional strengthening and regulatory support are still required. This research contributes to the development of broadcasting law studies while also providing recommendations for the government and KPI to reinforce both the authority and effectiveness of election broadcast supervision in the future. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kewenangan Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia Daerah (KPID) Jawa Tengah dalam pengawasan siaran iklan kampanye Pemilu 2024 di televisi. Urgensi penelitian didasarkan pada masih ditemukannya pelanggaran netralitas siaran yang berpotensi menggiring opini publik dan mengancam kualitas demokrasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan yang didukung data wawancara dengan KPID Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan KPID telah memenuhi delapan prinsip legalitas hukum dan terbukti cukup efektif melalui pemenuhan lima faktor penegakan hukum penyiaran. Penelitian ini berbeda dari studi sebelumnya karena secara khusus mengevaluasi peran KPID dalam konteks Pemilu 2024 serta tantangan regulasi penyiaran kontemporer. Kesimpulannya, pengawasan KPID mendukung terciptanya siaran demokratis dan berkualitas, namun masih memerlukan penguatan kelembagaan dan dukungan regulasi. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kajian hukum penyiaran sekaligus memberikan rekomendasi bagi pemerintah dan KPI untuk memperkuat kewenangan serta efektivitas pengawasan penyiaran Pemilu di masa mendatang.
Village Asset Management in Toll Road Development: An Analysis of Permendagri No. 3 of 2024 Amending Permendagri No. 1 of 2016 in Central Java Province
This study aims to analyze the management of village assets affected by toll road construction in Central Java Province based on Minister of Home Affairs Regulation (Permendagri) Number 3 of 2024, which amends Permendagri Number 1 of 2016 on Village Asset Management, as well as to identify the obstacles encountered in its implementation. The research employs a normative juridical method with a conceptual approach, is descriptive-analytical in nature, and relies on secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that the management of village assets affected by toll road development is carried out through stages of inventory, planning, procurement, disposal, and transfer, guided by the principles of effectiveness, transparency, accountability, and legal certainty as stipulated in Articles 10, 11, and 19 of Permendagri Number 3 of 2024. Major challenges include difficulties in finding substitute land, unclear technical procedures, and discrepancies in asset valuation, often leading to disputes that must be settled through court proceedings. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on village assets—particularly treasury land (tanah kas desa)—which has been largely overlooked in previous research on land acquisition for toll roads, as most prior studies emphasize individual land rights under Law Number 2 of 2012. Accordingly, this research underscores the need for strengthened technical regulations and inter-institutional coordination to ensure legal certainty, protect village rights, and promote fair and sustainable asset management in the context of toll road development.
Restorative Justice Melalui Sanksi Adat Terangkat Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Perzinaan
This study aims to analyze the application of Adat Terangkat customary sanctions in resolving adultery cases in Peniti Village and to examine their conformity with the principles of restorative justice. The background of this research lies in the limitations of national law in addressing adultery, while customary law remains alive and consistently practiced in local communities. The urgency of this study is based on the scarcity of research linking customary sanctions with restorative justice, as well as the importance of developing a dispute resolution model that aligns with local wisdom while remaining consistent with the rule of law and human rights. The research employs a qualitative method with a socio-legal approach through interviews, observations, and documentation analyzed using triangulation. The findings reveal that the Adat Terangkat sanction is not merely punitive but emphasizes social recovery, reconciliation, and the restoration of community balance. The novelty of this study lies in highlighting that integrating customary law with restorative justice can serve as an alternative form of criminal resolution grounded in local wisdom. The study concludes that customary law can complement national law by providing a more contextual and inclusive mechanism of resolution. The recommendation is to synchronize regulations between state law and customary law and to strengthen the capacity of customary leaders so that the implementation of restorative justice through customary sanctions is truly fair, proportional, and sustainable. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan sanksi adat Terangkat dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana perzinaan di Desa Peniti serta menelaah kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip restoratif justice. Latar belakang penelitian ini didorong oleh keterbatasan hukum nasional dalam menangani kasus perzinaan, sementara hukum adat terbukti masih hidup dan diterapkan secara konsisten di masyarakat. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada masih minimnya kajian yang mengaitkan penerapan sanksi adat dengan konsep restoratif justice serta pentingnya menemukan model penyelesaian yang sesuai dengan kearifan lokal namun tetap sejalan dengan prinsip negara hukum dan hak asasi manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi yang dianalisis dengan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sanksi adat Terangkat tidak hanya bersifat punitif, tetapi lebih menekankan pemulihan sosial, rekonsiliasi, dan pengembalian keseimbangan masyarakat. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penegasan bahwa integrasi hukum adat dengan konsep restoratif justice dapat menjadi alternatif penyelesaian pidana berbasis kearifan lokal. Kesimpulannya, hukum adat dapat melengkapi hukum nasional dengan memberikan mekanisme penyelesaian yang lebih kontekstual dan inklusif. Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah perlunya sinkronisasi regulasi antara hukum negara dan hukum adat serta penguatan kapasitas aparat adat agar implementasi restoratif justice melalui sanksi adat benar-benar adil, proporsional, dan berkelanjutan.